I. What are the common diseases in anorectal department? Hemorrhoids, anal fistula, anal fissure, perianal abscess, intestinal polyps, enteritis, intestinal cancer, constipation, etc. Second, which people are prone to anorectal diseases? 1, sedentary people: sedentary, the body lacks movement, the intestinal muscles become relaxed, peristaltic function is weakened. In addition, women’s abdominal muscles are naturally weaker, the force of sending stool discharge is small, so it is easy to constipation. 2, not enough water: people who do not drink enough water, dry intestines, intestinal contents are not easy to discharge, but some people even if the water, constipation problems have not been improved. This is because the way to drink water is not correct, slowly drink water in one mouth, almost all the water absorbed into the blood, through the urine out of the body. 3, young people have higher sensitivity of the internal sphincter, coupled with irregular diet and life, more, so the incidence is high. 4.Insufficient intestinal beneficial bacteria etiology, after taking antibiotics or other drugs, the intestinal beneficial flora is destroyed, poor digestion, causing constipation, which leads to anal fissure. 5, overwork, mental tension: overwork, mental tension will inhibit intestinal peristalsis and digestive juice secretion, resulting in indigestion, causing constipation. 6, the lack of crude fiber in the diet cause, eating out, irregular eating, no time to take into account the intake of balanced nutrition, crude fiber food intake is often insufficient, causing constipation and fissure recurrence. 7, women during pregnancy, women during pregnancy because of the gradual increase in pelvic pressure, easily lead to varicose hemorrhoid plexus, intestinal cavity pressure is more likely to lead to constipation. Third, how to self-diagnose anal diseases: stool seen bleeding, dripping blood or stool with blood or pus blood, most have hemorrhoids caused; anal fissure bleeding bright red, accompanied by severe anal pain; stool with blood, blood dark red or stool color black, that is due to gastrointestinal bleeding; defecation with swelling out of the anus, may be accompanied by moist or mucus, most have hemorrhoids or mucosal prolapse; if there is a lump in the anus, pain is severe If the lump has a dark surface and is round, it may have thrombosed external hemorrhoid; if the anal lump is accompanied by local fever and pain, it is a manifestation of perianal abscess; if there are strips in the anus when touched and there is pus outflow, it is a manifestation of anal fistula. 4.What are the current treatment items of our anorectal department? Electronic anoscopy: Both doctors and patients can clearly observe the disease site magnified several times during the examination, so as to avoid misdiagnosis and misdiagnosis, thus providing a reliable basis for clinical practice. It has the advantages of no pain, high definition, high safety and high diagnosis rate. Electronic colonoscopy: Electronic colonoscopy is the best choice for diagnosing colonic mucosal lesions, it is through the electronic camera probe installed in the front of the colonoscope to transmit the images of the colonic mucosa to the electronic computer processing center, and then displayed on the monitor screen, which can observe the small changes of the colonic mucosa. Such as cancer, polyps, ulcers, erosion, bleeding, pigmentation, varicose and dilated blood vessels, congestion, edema, etc. The images are clear and realistic. Colon hydrotherapy instrument: Through special equipment to establish an effective treatment system in the intestinal cavity of human colon and make full use of the potential functions of colon mucosa and intestinal glands to exclude pathogens and their toxins and toxic substances in the intestinal cavity and on the intestinal mucosa, and make drugs enter the human body circulation through the colon route, thus achieving the purpose of treating multiple diseases with different drugs in the same route. Ultrasonic hemorrhoid artery ligation: This procedure is a minimally invasive surgical procedure for ultra-low damage without knife, minimal discomfort, no removal of hemorrhoid tissue, no trauma, no postoperative complications, and no impact on anal function. PPH surgery: It has a very ideal treatment effect on internal hemorrhoids, external hemorrhoids, mixed hemorrhoids, circumferential hemorrhoids, severe hemorrhoid prolapse, prolapse, etc. It has the characteristics of quick effect, quick recovery and no pain after surgery. TST: TST, also known as selective anastomosis hemorrhoidectomy closure or open-loop minimally invasive mucosal resection anastomosis on hemorrhoids, is a technique for treating severe prolapsed hemorrhoids. It can selectively excise and anastomose the suprahemorrhoidal mucosa according to the distribution of the hemorrhoid nucleus to reduce trauma and complications. RPH surgery: for all stages of internal hemorrhoids (stage I-III has the best effect); the internal part of mixed hemorrhoids; RPH can be used as a supplementary treatment for those who have incomplete retraction of hemorrhoid mass or anal cushion after PPH or other therapies; focal lesions of the rectum, such as rectal polyps, rectal hemangioma or vascular malformation. It is one of the best treatment methods for non-surgical treatment at present. V. How to determine the “constipation”? 1, the stool is too dry and hard, the number of bowel movements is reduced, and the discharge is difficult or incomplete 2, the stool is not dry, but always needs to defecate, and often there is still a feeling of residual stool after defecation 3, the toilet can not immediately defecate, but has to squat for a few minutes or even ten minutes to solve down 4, there is often a frequent feeling of defecation, but only a small amount of mucus is discharged each time, which is also known as heat knot byflow in Chinese medicine, and is often mistaken for diarrhea. Constantly use antibiotics or anti-diarrhea w, but the result is the more serious treatment. Sixth, the impact of constipation during pregnancy on the fetus? How should constipation be treated in women during pregnancy? Constipation during pregnancy is more of an indirect effect. If the constipation is heavy, difficult to defecate, and the stool cannot be defecated, there will be some toxic substances absorbed, which may increase the chances of the child being unhealthy. These absorbed things are certainly not good for the body. There is also the case if constipation is very heavy, many drugs can not solve, to use some means of enema. This may irritate the stomach and intestines and at the same time may induce contractions, which in this case may lead to miscarriage. There is also the patient’s chronic inability to pass stool, chronic distress over this problem, poor rest and nervousness, which also indirectly increases her risk of miscarriage. This effect is not one-to-one, or potentially exists as a weight, which may be added to the existing bad one, and may aggravate or increase the risk of miscarriage or premature birth. The first thing you should do is to adjust your diet and lifestyle habits by having three meals a day at a fixed time, and then you should eat more things that contain fiber, such as fruits and vegetables, celery and kelp, which contain more fiber. There are also things like mushrooms, enoki mushrooms these. If constipation is not improved by general treatment, although the choice of drugs is limited, but we still have a choice of drugs. For example, the common Dulcolax is a relatively safe drug, whose composition is mainly lactulose. Clinical application of cellulose preparations for pregnant women, after eating helps defecation, but of course we must pay attention to the quality of the drug when choosing. Some laxatives, such as senna, are generally not recommended for pregnant women. This is because if the laxative is too strong, it will stimulate the uterus to contract and there will be a risk of miscarriage or premature birth. There is a difference between this and people who are not pregnant. What about women with hemorrhoids during pregnancy? Pregnant women have a reduced ability to regulate themselves during pregnancy. If you have hemorrhoids, it is important to treat them promptly and not to delay causing more pain and serious consequences. An easy and effective way to treat hemorrhoids is to take food therapy. One is to often eat more high fiber foods, such as various root vegetables, fruits and brown rice. The fiber in these foods can act as a stool expander, absorbing water in the large intestine and expanding, increasing the weight and volume of the stool, and softening the stool, stimulating the intestinal wall peristalsis, and enhancing bowel movements. It speeds up the operation of stool in the intestine, making it easy to pass stool. Rapidly, avoiding constipation and reducing the end rectal blood vessels by the abdominal pressure. At the same time, also avoid eating chili, garlic, onion, ginger, wine, pepper and other stimulating foods. Because these foods can stimulate the rectal anal area of the blood vessels again congestion and expansion, intensify or induce hemorrhoids. Then there are more foods that contain vitamin E, such as cereals, vegetable oils, egg yolks, animal liver, shellfish and other aquatic products, as well as vegetables and fruits. Vitamin E has been reported to promote the efficacy of blood flow in the body’s peripheral blood vessels. Some people have achieved satisfactory results with the addition of large amounts of vitamin E in their diet to treat hemorrhoids. Developing good eating habits, such as overeating, is also good for treating hemorrhoids, because overeating tends to cause gastrointestinal dysfunction and affects the blood return to the rectal and anal veins, which is not conducive to hemorrhoid improvement. In addition, women in pregnancy, especially in the second trimester, should avoid sitting for a long time, do some outdoor activities, and make two anal lifting exercises every morning and evening, 30-40 times each time, to help prevent and treat hemorrhoids. You should also pay attention to anal hygiene, do not use unclean paper and hard paper to wipe the anus, wash the anus with warm water after the bowel movement, and develop good habits of regular bowel movements, which will benefit pregnant women greatly. VIII. Which patients need to undergo e-colonoscopy? 1, the cause of blood in stool to be investigated; 2, abnormal bowel movements, such as chronic diarrhea or long-term progressive constipation; 3, normal X-ray barium enema examination results, but there are obvious intestinal symptoms, especially suspected of malignant changes, or abnormal X-ray barium examination, but can not be characterized; 4, sigmoidoscopy did not find lesions or lesions of unknown benignity or malignancy; 5, abdominal masses, especially lower abdominal masses need a clear diagnosis; 6, unexplained 7.After colon resection, it is necessary to check the anastomosis; 8.It is necessary to remove colon polyps or foreign bodies in the colon; 9.Family history of rectal cancer and colon cancer; 10.Unexplained abdominal pain and abdominal distension. What should I do if I have blood in my stool? Blood in stool is the most distinguishable and easy to understand. Do not think that this is a very common thing to take seriously, think that it is just their own fire or other reasons, but just do not think that this is their own anorectal disease or more serious tumor disease. Many patients don’t know how to treat blood in stool, but now there are many advanced technologies (such as e-colonoscopy, e-anoscopy, etc.) in our hospital for patients, so they can be treated according to their exact situation, but there are many things that need to be noted by patients before treatment. 1.If there is rectal colon cancer disease at the same time there may be only blood in the stool, so it is more necessary to further check. If the blood in the stool is intermittent due to anal fissure, internal hemorrhoids, rectal polyps, etc., and the amount of blood in the stool is not very large, such blood in the stool can be stopped with local medication, and it is best to cure the disease caused by hemorrhoids. 3, there is because of surgery, anorectal surgery after the primary or secondary bleeding, such blood in the stool will have a large amount of bleeding, if the onset is very urgent, you can take local and systemic simultaneous treatment. 4. If the bleeding is due to peptic ulcer, in the treatment, if the specific pathogen cannot be found, systemic hemostasis should be carried out, because it is black blood in stool, so antacid treatment of ulcer is also required. The treatment process of anorectal diseases Blood in the stool External prolapse of anal matter Mucus or blood in the anus Difficult stool Electronic colonoscopy Electronic anoscopy Ultrasound or CT examination of the anus Pelvic floor function examination, fecal imaging examination