Once diagnosed, clinical patients with diabetes require individualized glucose-lowering treatment plans on a case-by-case basis. Some oral hypoglycemic drugs alone, some require oral medications combined with insulin, and some require insulin therapy alone. Among them, in insulin therapy, there are also many goals and requirements for rational collocation and scientific management.1. Insulin is suitable for people: type 1 diabetes patients, new-onset type 2 diabetes patients with hyperglycemic toxicity, gestational diabetes patients, diabetes combined with serious complications (or the presence of serious liver and kidney function impairment), certain special types of diabetes, diabetes patients with various stress infections, perioperative diabetes patients, etc..2. 2. According to the type of insulin, it can be divided into ultra-short-acting insulin, short-acting insulin, medium-acting insulin, long-acting insulin, etc. How to achieve optimization and meet the standard. Firstly, it is necessary to assess the general condition of patients; secondly, it is necessary to assess whether patients are patients with the above mentioned insulin indications; again, it is necessary to scientifically and correctly assess the pancreatic islet function of patients. The assessment of pancreatic islet function requires hyperglycemic stimulation test in endocrine specialists, monitoring the serum C-peptide and insulin levels in patients’ bodies after facing hyperglycemia, assessing the secretion curve of pancreatic B-cells, insulin secretion, etc. Patients using insulin need to monitor blood glucose levels as required. It is recommended to routinely monitor fasting and 2 hours after three meals blood glucose. The goal of blood glucose attainment varies depending on the patient’s status. For example, in type 2 diabetes, patients with new-onset young diabetes and those undergoing delicate procedures such as eye surgery follow strict criteria to control blood glucose, while patients of advanced age, patients with severe complications, and patients with combined severe organ dysfunction (e.g., ICU) need to refer to lenient blood glucose criteria, etc.