1. Indications for in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF): ① gamete transport disorders caused by various factors in the female partner; ② ovulation disorders; ③ endometriosis; ④ oligo- and hypospermia in the male partner; ⑤ unexplained infertility; ⑥ immunological infertility. 2. Indications for intra-oval single sperm injection (ICSI): ① severe oligospermia, weak spermia, teratospermia; ② irreversible obstructive azoospermia; ③ spermatogenic dysfunction (excluding genetic defects); ④ immune infertility; ⑤ in vitro fertilization failure; ⑥ abnormal sperm acrosome; ⑦ preimplantation embryo genetic examination is required.