A recent survey report from the World Health Organization shows that nearly 40% of children with congenital eye diseases are not diagnosed in a timely manner, and many of these children miss out on early and favorable treatment. Therefore, in Europe and the United States and other developed countries, newborns will receive routine fundus examination within 6 weeks after birth. So which newborns should be screened early for funduscopic examination? (1) Preterm low-birth-weight infants: the shorter the gestational age of preterm infants, the higher the incidence of retinoschisis. Especially with a history of high concentration oxygen therapy, multiple gestation, acidosis, anemia, blood transfusion, hyperbilirubinemia, in vitro fertilization, vitamin E deficiency of preterm infants, it is more important to carry out standardized ocular fundus screening, to exclude the occurrence of retinopathy of prematurity, which is a blinding ophthalmic disease. (2) Neonatal asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome and other high-risk infants: fundus examination to rule out ischemia-hypoxia optic nerve retinopathy. (3) Newborns with jaundice who have undergone blue light irradiation: funduscopic examination to rule out ocular lens and retinal damage. (4) Congenital syphilis and cytomegalovirus infection: to rule out optic neuroretinopathy and can help with disease diagnosis and prognosis. (5) Those who are still unable to catch light 2 months after birth: congenital cataract, glaucoma and other tissue developmental abnormalities and functional abnormalities are excluded. (6) Pediatric cerebral palsy, mostly with brain tissue damage or intracranial hemorrhage, perform funduscopic examination to exclude optic nerve atrophy and funduscopic hemorrhage. Children with pulmonary paralysis are often treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and funduscopic examination is performed before hyperbaric oxygen therapy to rule out contraindications such as retinal hemorrhage and vascular developmental malformations. In addition, preterm newborns must routinely be admitted to the hospital for funduscopic examination because: the retinal vasculature is immature in preterm newborns and continues to develop to full vascularization within the first month of life. The incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity is higher in preterm or low-birth-weight infants who: (1) weigh less than 2,000 g; (2) are less than 32 weeks of gestational age; and (3) have a clear history of oxygen intake. In such cases, parents should be more proactive in cooperating with the physician to have their children’s fundus examined regularly. The first examination should be 4-6 weeks after the birth of the child, or corrected gestational age of 31-33 weeks, the examination may need several times, please strictly follow the doctor’s instructions to the child’s fundus examination until the retina is mature, to avoid delaying the treatment of serious consequences.