Cirrhosis is a common chronic diffuse progressive disease, which is caused by a variety of causes of chronic extensive liver parenchymal damage. Extensive degeneration, necrosis and atrophy of hepatocytes are replaced by proliferating fibrous tissue, and the normal liver lobular structure is destroyed, causing the liver to gradually harden and become cirrhosis. Hepatocellular carcinoma (abbreviated as liver cancer) is one of the common malignant tumors in China, accounting for the second highest mortality rate of malignant tumors. A portion of patients with cirrhosis will develop into liver cancer. In the early stage, the symptoms are not obvious, but in the later stage, liver pain is severe, appetite is lost, people lose weight quickly, jaundice and ascites appear, and the cancer will also metastasize to the lungs and bones. The metastasis to the lung can cause hemoptysis and shortness of breath. Metastasis to the bones can cause fractures and paraplegia if the metastasis is in the spine. The main pathological changes in hepatitis are inflammation, necrosis and fibrosis of the liver, some of which are more severe such as debris necrosis and bridging necrosis, followed by liver fibrosis extending from the confluent area into the liver lobules, gradually forming pseudobullets and producing regenerative nodules. The occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma is closely related to regenerative nodules. Most scholars believe that adenomatous hyperplasia is a precancerous lesion of the liver and can evolve into hepatocellular carcinoma through multiple steps: large regenerative nodules – adenomatous hyperplasia – atypical adenomatous hyperplasia – adenomatous hyperplasia with a small number of deteriorating hepatocytes – well-differentiated (grade I) early hepatocellular carcinoma. The occurrence pattern of most liver cancers is summarized as follows: HBV, HCV, alcohol, other —- chronic hepatitis (inflammation, necrosis, liver fibrosis) cirrhosis (nodule formation, heterogeneous changes, adenomatous hyperplasia) liver cancer, which is what doctors usually call “hepatitis – cirrhosis – liver cancer “The three-step process.