Pediatric acute laryngitis is an acute diffuse inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx, mostly seen in children aged 1 to 3 years old, which occurs in winter and spring, and is one of the acute respiratory emergencies in pediatric patients, which can be life-threatening due to laryngeal obstruction. Acute laryngitis is commonly caused by parainfluenza virus, adenovirus and Staphylococcus aureus, S. pneumoniae, streptococcus, etc. The main lesion is in the subglottic region, with mucosal congestion, submucosal edema, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Due to the narrow laryngeal cavity, weak cartilage and loose tissue in pediatric patients, it is easy to cause edema and lead to laryngeal obstruction. The poor coughing function of children makes it difficult to discharge secretions, which makes laryngeal obstruction more likely. The clinical manifestations of acute laryngitis include fever, hoarseness, barking cough (coughing like a puppy) and inspiratory laryngeal tinnitus. On chest auscultation, inspiratory laryngeal tones and dry rales can be heard, and in severe laryngitis, the breath sounds of both lungs are reduced or even disappear when laryngeal obstruction occurs. Local examination shows acute congestion of the laryngeal mucosa, marked redness and swelling of the subglottic mucosa, and narrowing of the glottic fissure. Children with acute laryngitis often show irritability, and in severe cases there is dyspnea, nasal flapping, trigeminal signs (supraclavicular fossa, intercostal space, and subxiphoid depression), and cyanosis. The difficulty in breathing may be aggravated by spasm of the larynx due to the obstruction of secretion and stimulation of the larynx at the same time. More serious cases can be life-threatening due to asphyxia. The treatment of acute laryngitis includes: antibiotics can be used to actively anti-infection, and with nebulized inhalation therapy or adrenocorticotropic hormone a small amount of oral, can reduce the laryngeal edema, relieve symptoms. Children with laryngitis should rest in bed and avoid crying to reduce oxygen consumption. Keep the indoor air fresh and maintain indoor air humidity at about 60%. Children with laryngitis are prone to choking and coughing, so attention should be paid to patient feeding, as well as to the child’s breathing, heart rate, and mental status, and once breathing difficulties occur, promptly seek medical attention.