Amblyopia is a condition in which a child’s visual development is hindered for some reason, resulting in a corrected visual acuity of less than 0.8 in one or both eyes, with no clinically detectable organic damage to the eye. Amblyopia in children is one of the common diseases in ophthalmology, which can cause low visual function and lack of stereo vision in both eyes, seriously affecting the quality of life of children in the future, and even affecting their future high school entrance examinations and career choices. I. Types of amblyopia 1. strabismic amblyopia; 2. refractive aberration amblyopia; 3. form deprivation amblyopia; 4. refractive error amblyopia; 5. congenital amblyopia II. prevalence of amblyopia The prevalence of amblyopia in countries around the world is not very different, such as 2.7% in Sweden, 1.8% in the United States, and 4.4% in France. The prevalence of amblyopia in China is about 3-4%, if we project this number, there are about 10 million amblyopic children among 300 million children in China, and a large part of these children are not detected and treated effectively, which should cause the concern of the whole society. The key to amblyopia treatment is early detection, early diagnosis, and persistent treatment. Since amblyopia is characterized by early detection and effective treatment and late detection and ineffective treatment, early detection becomes the key to treating amblyopia. If children are found to have the following conditions, they should promptly go to the hospital for an eye examination: 1. children usually have squinting, frowning, head tilting, improper posture, and look at things closer; 2. children’s eyes do not turn with the light, or cannot find things that can be of interest to them; 3. children who cover one glance of their eyes do not respond, and children who cover another glance are dissatisfied or even cry; 4. children with misplaced eyes, corneal white spots (black eyes are The best time to treat amblyopia is between the ages of 3 and 8, but after the age of 12, treatment is basically ineffective. There are two common treatments: masking therapy: this method is simple, economical, and effective, and has been used for more than 200 years in the world to help millions of amblyopic children regain their vision. However, the key to this method of treatment is persistence, as covering one eye affects the aesthetics, and the treatment time is long, which requires mutual understanding and cooperation between parents, doctors and children, as well as the understanding and tolerance of schools and society. In the course of masking therapy, if combined with amblyopia treatment device, it can greatly increase the efficacy and shorten the course of treatment. Drug therapy: Recently, the initial results of treating amblyopia in children with levodopa have opened up a new avenue for amblyopia treatment, but it is not yet commonly used in clinical practice. Prevention of amblyopia recurrence Most children with amblyopia can recover to normal vision in 2-3 years as long as they adhere to reasonable treatment, but if clinical observation and consolidation treatment are not paid attention to, amblyopia may recur. Based on the author’s work experience, the following common relapse-related factors are summarized: 1. parents do not follow up on time after the initial effect of treatment, or they listen to some informal medical false propaganda and use false medical products, which delays the best time for treatment. 2. children do not cooperate with treatment, refusing or failing to insist on wearing eye shields. 3. social or school factors cause children to be unable or unwilling to insist on masking therapy. 4. Doctors are eager to correct strabismus surgically or to fix refractive errors and other co-morbidities and neglect amblyopia treatment; or doctors do not explain to children and their parents the importance of consolidation therapy for children with amblyopia, resulting in parents’ neglect of consolidation therapy.