Many people have experienced dizziness, are dizziness and vertigo the same thing? The concept of vertigo in a broad medical sense includes dizziness, but there is a difference between what we call vertigo and dizziness in a general sense. Vertigo is a feeling of spinning, like riding in a boat, and it can be a feeling that you are spinning, swaying or leaning in a certain direction, or a feeling that the surrounding objects are spinning or about to fall. When the onset of the disease, the eyes are tightly closed, hands hold the bed, fearing to fall from the bed, accompanied by nausea and vomiting, in severe cases, vomiting bitter water, abdominal pain and diarrhea, pale face and cold sweat. Although the symptoms are serious, but the patient is conscious, some patients can also feel the surrounding scenery swinging from side to side, or floating up and down, the above symptoms are called vertigo, which is a symptom specific to inner ear diseases. Dizziness is a feeling of light-headedness when a patient has an attack. For example, the feeling of dizziness at the onset of hypertension, sleep deprivation and alcohol overdose should be called dizziness; while those who suddenly stand up after squatting or sitting for a long time and feel black eyes, golden eyes, unstable standing or sudden fall due to some causes of temporary loss of consciousness are not dizziness but syncope. Both dizziness and syncope are caused by various diseases related to the central nervous system and are fundamentally different from inner ear vertigo. Dizziness is usually caused by systemic diseases. What problems can cause vertigo or dizziness? There are many different kinds of diseases that can cause vertigo, and there are about hundreds of diseases that can cause vertigo, and the causes vary from disease to disease. The reason why people feel dizzy is that their balance is disturbed, and maintaining balance requires the participation of the vestibular system, the visual system and the deep sensory system, and a problem with any of these systems can cause dizziness. Therefore, according to the location of the lesion, vestibular vertigo is divided into vestibular vertigo and non-vestibular vertigo, the former accounting for the majority of vertigo, which can be divided into two categories: vestibular peripheral vertigo and vestibular central vertigo. Central vertigo is caused by brain tissue and brain nerve diseases, such as auditory neuroma and cerebrovascular lesions, and accounts for about 30% of the total number of vertigo patients. Peripheral vertigo accounts for about 70% of patients. Most peripheral vertigo is related to diseases of the five senses, and the attacks are mostly accompanied by cochlear symptoms (such as changes in hearing, tinnitus, etc.) and vegetative nervous system symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and cold sweats. Some of the diseases may present recurrent episodes of vertigo and can be relieved by themselves. Common diseases that cause vertigo are: 1. Psychogenic or neurological disorders: Some people will get dizzy for no reason because of tension, poor sleep, or emotional factors. This kind of dizziness is not very strong and usually recovers on its own after a while, but sometimes it can last for most of the day. 2.Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: The otoliths of the vestibular otoliths fall off to the sensitive area for some reasons and cause bad stimulation, which is called benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in medical science. 3. Systemic diseases: Patients with high blood pressure, diabetes and asthma often have vertigo; sometimes patients taking anti-hypertensive or diabetic drugs may have low blood pressure or blood sugar due to drug overdose, which may also cause vertigo. Certain heart problems such as severe arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia and heart failure can also cause vertigo. 4. Cerebrovascular diseases: cerebral infarction or cerebral ischemia causing insufficient blood supply to vestibular organs and vestibular centers, cerebral hemorrhage compressing the brainstem and vestibular centers of cerebellum can cause vertigo. 5. Meniere’s disease: Patients often have vertigo for several hours to more than a day, and it is accompanied by tinnitus and hearing loss and nystagmus. Its pathology is a “fluid accumulation in the endolymphatic system” of the inner ear, but the real mechanism remains unclear. Many doctors attribute all vertigo to this disease, but in fact the diagnosis can only be made with a hearing examination and a long medical history. 6. Vestibular neuritis: It often occurs soon after a cold, with a sudden onset of severe vertigo and vomiting. The patient’s hearing is normal and he is alert, but the vertigo is so strong that he is afraid to move when lying in bed, accompanied by severe eye vibration. 7. Complications of chronic otitis media: In chronic otitis media, especially in patients with cholesteatoma, sometimes the semicircular canal is damaged, resulting in vertigo due to the “labyrinth I tube”. 8. Brain tumors and traumatic brain injury: The common tumors are auditory neuroma growing in the cerebellum and tumors growing in the brainstem, which may cause unilateral hearing impairment, headache and vertigo. In addition, patients with car accidents or other traumatic brain injuries may also suffer from vertigo. 9. Otic syphilis: There are many patients with vertigo who do not have obvious syphilis symptoms, but the test results show a positive syphilis seropositivity. This disease means that the lesions of syphilis enter the inner ear, causing vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus and other symptoms. 10.Ocular disease: Some patients have refractive error (farsightedness, myopia) or astigmatism and other ophthalmic problems, and often feel dizzy when reading books or watching TV for a long time because of visual reasons. 11, deep sensory impairment: generally feel dizzy when walking, walking unstable, feel deep and shallow feet, especially in poor light, more obvious, this is because after the deep sensory impairment, they do not know how big they take steps, how high to back lift, what is the angle direction of movement.