1.Exclusive breastfeeding Abstract: Breast milk is the most ideal natural food for infants within 6 months of age. Breast milk contains a full range of nutrients, a reasonable ratio between various nutrients, containing immunologically active substances irreplaceable by other animal milk, which is ideal for the rapid growth and development of the body, physiological functions are not fully developed infants. Breastfeeding is also conducive to enhancing the relationship between mother and child, allowing for better care of the baby and promoting the recovery of the mother’s body. At the same time, breastfeeding is economical, safe and all over the place, not easy to occur allergic reactions. Therefore, exclusive breastfeeding should be preferred. Exclusive breastfeeding can meet all the fluid, energy and nutrient needs of infants up to 6 months of age. Breastfeeding should be done on demand and can be done more than 6-8 times a day. Adhere to exclusive breastfeeding for at least 6 months; add complementary foods from the age of 6 months, while continuing to adhere to exclusive breastfeeding, preferably until 2 years of age. At 4-6 months of age, if the infant’s weight does not reach the standard weight, the number of breastfeeding sessions needs to be increased. The whole society should encourage breastfeeding, support breastfeeding and protect breastfeeding. Tip: Sitting breastfeeding is recommended. Feed both breasts in turn, sucking up one side and then the other. If the amount of milk from one breast is sufficient to meet the baby’s needs, the milk from the other breast should be sucked out with a breast pump. After breastfeeding, do not put the baby flat immediately, but hold the baby upright with the head on the mother’s shoulder and pat the back to exclude the air swallowed into the stomach to prevent overflow. In case of sufficient breast milk, breastfeeding on demand can achieve the ideal weight gain. 2. Start milk as early as possible after delivery, colostrum has the best nutrition. Therefore, you should start breastfeeding as early as possible, 30 minutes after delivery. Early initiation of milk can reduce the occurrence of physiological jaundice, physiological weight loss and hypoglycemia in newborns. And the infant sucking on the mother’s nipple has the effect of stimulating lactation. The first food for newborns should be breast milk. Sugar water and formula feeding should be avoided as much as possible before breastfeeding starts to facilitate successful breastfeeding and reduce the risk of allergies. 3. Hold the baby to outdoor activities as early as possible or take appropriate vitamin D supplementation. Full-term infants who are breastfed can take 400-800 IU of vitamin D orally daily from 1-2 weeks after birth (400-600 IU in the south and 600-800 IU in the north). 4. Give newborns and infants 1-6 months of age timely and appropriate amount of vitamin K supplementation Tip: Due to the low vitamin K content in breast milk, in order to prevent bleeding disorders associated with vitamin K deficiency in newborns and infants 1-6 months of age. Tip: For breastfed infants, 125 μg of vitamin K can be given orally daily from birth to 3 months of age; 12 mg of vitamin K can also be given orally after birth and then 5 mg orally 3 times at 1 week and 1 month, respectively. For mixed and artificially fed infants, the source of vitamin K can rely on qualified infant formula. After the birth of a newborn, vitamin K11-5mg can be administered intramuscularly daily for 3 days. Pregnant women and lactating mothers should eat more foods rich in vitamin K. Green leafy vegetables are rich in vitamin K. In addition, foods rich in vitamin K include sour cheese, alfalfa, egg yolk, edible safflower oil, soybean oil, cod liver oil, and seaweed. 5, can not be fed with exclusive breastfeeding, it is advisable to prefer infant formula feeding Note: For various reasons can not be fed with exclusive breastfeeding infants, such as breastfeeding mothers suffering from infectious diseases, mental disorders, insufficient lactation or no lactation, etc., it is recommended that the first choice for 0-6 months of age infant formula (such as infant formula) feeding, not easy to directly use ordinary liquid milk, adult milk powder, protein powder, soy milk powder, etc. Feeding infants. Tip: Infant formula is divided into the following categories according to the different objects: (1) infant formula: for infants 0-12 months of age, as a substitute for breast milk, its nutritional composition can meet the nutritional needs of normal infants 0-6 months of age; (2) formula for older infants and toddlers: for infants and toddlers older than 6 months of age, as part of their mixed food; (3) formula for special medical purposes: for infants and toddlers (3) Formula for Special Medical Purposes: for infants with special physiological needs or with metabolic diseases. For example, formula designed for premature infants, children with inborn metabolic defects (such as this pyruvic aciduria), lactose-free formula designed for lactose intolerant children, formula designed for the prevention and treatment of cow’s milk allergy children with hydrolyzed protein or other formulas that do not contain cow’s milk protein, etc. 6. Regular monitoring of infant growth and development Note: Growth indicators such as length and weight reflect the nutritional status of infants, parents can measure their babies at home on a regular basis. In particular, parents should be reminded that the growth of children has its own individual characteristics, and the growth rate may be fast or slow, so as long as the child’s growth is within the normal range, there is no need to worry. The younger the baby is, the shorter the interval between measurements should be, and measurements should be taken every half month for the first 6 months after birth, and more often during the recovery period after illness.