Orbital tumor is a less common but very complex tumor. In addition to vision loss, its most important symptom is the increasing bulging of one eye, which is seen in more than 80% of orbital tumor patients. Therefore, it is important for both men and women, young and old, to go to a large medical institution specializing in orbital disease as soon as possible to avoid misdiagnosis once they have a bulging eye, unexplained vision loss and orbital distension. Early detection and regular treatment will not only effectively treat the tumor, but also ensure good visual function in the future. There are many tissues in the orbit, including the eye, muscles, nerves, blood vessels, etc. Tumors can grow in these areas. Primary tumors, which grow from inside the orbit, are more common and can be benign or malignant, with the majority of benign tumors in young people and the majority of malignant tumors in the elderly and children. Secondary tumors spread from the orbit around the eye such as intracranial to the orbit, and there are also malignant tumors metastasized from other parts of the body. Although the incidence of orbital tumors is not high, our population base is large and there are more domestic patients. Due to the lack of awareness of the disease by some ophthalmologists, its diagnosis rate is currently low. As with other tumors, early detection of orbital tumors is important. An important sign that an orbital tumor has occurred is usually the gradual bulging of one side of the eye, and in about half of the patients, a mass around the eye can be felt. In addition, some patients may experience unexplained vision loss as well as eye pain, headache, diplopia, and eye redness. Of these symptoms, loss of vision is the most likely to mislead doctors and patients. Generally speaking, when elderly people experience vision loss, they think it is due to the decline of the elderly’s visual function or cataracts; while middle-aged and young people think it is due to visual fatigue caused by work tension and excessive eye time. In addition, many doctors do not have enough knowledge about this disease, which leads to orbital tumors being easily overlooked and misdiagnosed, thus delaying the treatment time. A significant number of patients with orbital tumors have had tortuous experiences with various eye diseases such as presbyopia, cataracts, and visual fatigue before being diagnosed. Therefore, if there is an unexplained loss of vision in one eye and the same side of the eye is becoming increasingly bulging, the possibility of tumor must be considered and should be seen as soon as possible. If benign orbital tumor is not treated actively, it will eventually lead to vision loss and poor appearance after surgery, which will seriously affect the quality of life, while malignant orbital tumor is life-threatening. Since orbital tumors in China have a late start and unbalanced development, early diagnosis and regular treatment are important prerequisites to eliminate tumors and preserve vision. At present, surgery is still the main treatment for orbital tumors, and for malignant tumors, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are also required after surgery. Some statistics show that more than 95% of benign tumors accounting for 79% of orbital tumors can recover quickly after timely surgery and will not affect vision. For example, the most common cavernous hemangioma in the orbit, after surgery, it is basically not visible from the appearance that surgery has been done, the eye can move normally and the vision is better. Malignant tumors can also have a high survival rate if treated properly. The orbit is a bony orbital cavity, within which there are fine structures such as eyeball, optic nerve, extraocular muscles, ophthalmic artery, and arteriolar nerve, etc. These structures are submerged in orbital fat, resulting in narrow surgical field for orbital disease, complex surrounding structures, and difficult surgery. Not only that, the diagnosis and surgery of orbital tumors also require the surgeon to have experience and knowledge in otorhinolaryngology, neurosurgery, stomatology, plastic surgery and medical imaging. It is also necessary to have a certain number of surgical experiences to make the diagnosis and treatment of an orbital surgeon to a more satisfactory level. Therefore, if orbital disease is suspected, before deciding to see an ophthalmologist, it is important not only to choose a large medical institution with an orbital specialty, but also the choice of the receiving surgeon. The new concept of orbital tumor treatment in the international medical community is now more humane and focuses more on the quality of life after surgery, with the new view of removing lesions and ensuring visual function. Under the guidance of this new philosophy, with the advancement of medical technology, some orbital tumors no longer require open surgery, but are treated with gamma knife and radioactive particle implantation under the guidance of advanced imaging technology. For example, retinoblastoma and choroidal melanoma, which are more malignant in children, used to require removal of the eye, and the patient’s quality of life after surgery was poor. Nowadays, it is also possible to treat orbital tumors with radioactive iodine particles implanted in the tumor under the guidance of CT or B-ultrasound without incision through percutaneous puncture, which has also achieved certain efficacy. In addition, due to the improvement of examination methods, surgical instruments and surgical techniques, orbital surgery procedures have been changing in recent years. Many tumors that were difficult to treat surgically in the past can now be operated on, and the traditional surgical field exposure is better than before, which facilitates the surgeon to completely remove the tumor, especially after the application of neurosurgical microscope to orbital surgery, which greatly reduces postoperative complications. There are also some orbital tumors that, with the increasing understanding of the medical community, some can co-exist with human tumors for a long time, such as asymptomatic smaller cavernous hemangiomas and optic nerve tumors that have not yet invaded the skull, which can be followed up and observed with modern imaging and further treated when functional changes occur.