How much do I know about foreign bodies in the kidney and bladder?

  Urological foreign bodies are a rare group of diseases, mostly due to the patient’s active or passive insertion of a foreign body (e.g., needle, thermometer, wire, nail, etc.) into the urethra, bladder or even inside the kidney.  Treatment of these diseases is difficult, especially for foreign bodies located inside the kidneys, which are very difficult to handle and traditional open surgery is extremely invasive.