Couples need to work together to diagnose and treat infertility or sterility. Avoid exposure to life and work environment factors that affect fertility, e.g., prolonged exposure to heavy metals (e.g., lead, cadmium, mercury, aluminum, copper, manganese, etc.), chemicals (e.g., pesticides, herbicides, carbon disulfide, dibromochloropropane, methylethyl ketone, formaldehyde, automobile exhaust fumes, benzene-containing paints, cigarette smoke, toxic decorative materials and paints, household gas, etc.), and others (e.g., graphite, radiation, and high temperature environmental work) can reduce fertility. Additionally exposure to substances that affect hormone production such as estrogens, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), bisphenol A, alkylphenols, phthalates, or androgen antagonists can lead to malformations of the reproductive tract, reduce sperm counts, and affect spermatogenesis. Lifestyle habits can also have an impact on fertility, such as smoking, alcohol, and sauna bathing; long-term consumption of cottonseed oil can lead to infertility; and for sedentary men, sperm production can be affected. Avoid drugs that damage sperm and affect fertility, such as: tumor chemotherapy drugs, Antibiotics, Sulfasalazine, Colchicine, Allopurinol, anti-inflammatory drugs (outside of indications), Calcium antagonists, Minlodine, hormone therapy, Furaltoyn, etc. Eat a light diet, more vegetables and fruits, and less food and drinks containing a lot of food additives. Treatment to improve semen quality under doctor’s supervision for at least 3 months, monthly semen review, abstinence from sex for 48 hours to 7 days before semen review. Among assisted reproductive technology treatments, intracytoplasmic monosperm microinjection (commonly known as IVF) treatment is the definitive treatment for infertility and is the most laborious, invasive, and expensive modality. icsi treatment may pass on the risk of chromosomal, genetic, and other genetics defects to the offspring. Therefore, when choosing a treatment strategy, the “principle of de-escalation” should be followed, i.e., less invasive techniques (medication, intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF)) should be chosen first, followed by more complex, expensive, and invasive methods (e.g., in vitro fertilization (IVF)).