Ventricular septal defect is one of the most common congenital heart diseases, accounting for most of the annual surgical volume of Anzhen, and there is a constant flow of patients coming to see us every day, so I will briefly explain my views on small ventricular defects. In general, ventricular defects below 5mm are considered small ventricular defects. In the past, it was said in the book that periventricular small ventricular defect has the possibility of self-healing within 5 years old, but now it is said that it cannot be self-healed within 2 years old, so it may not be self-healed. Of course, this has given me confidence that ventricular defects can heal spontaneously, and I have the confidence to speak up. I remember the first time a patient with a closed ventricular defect showed me the ultrasound of his review, and when I saw that everything was normal, I asked why did you do the ultrasound, and he said that I had seen the ventricular defect a year before and asked me to review it a year later. I found that this kind of ventricular defect that can heal itself is usually less than 4mm, and the murmur is not very loud, if the murmur is very loud is generally not self-healing, you can imagine a high-speed blood flow tension how big, ventricular defect closure has to overcome how much resistance. This kind of small ventricular defect usually has no symptoms, so you can operate when the child grows up, like the perimembranous ventricular defect to give the child a chance, believe that the ventricular defect can be closed, even if it can not be closed, 3 or 4 years old surgery is the most cost-effective, small risk, less cost, short hospital stay, if there are no complications, the postoperative period will be the same as normal children. Of course, with the improvement of surgical techniques and postoperative management, some doctors and patients’ families are willing to operate earlier, and the complications and postoperative recovery are better compared to children with large ventricular defects at the same age, after all, the preoperative condition is different. If there are symptoms or some loss of compensation, such as mitral valve insufficiency, aortic valve insufficiency, etc., surgery should be performed earlier, even if the risk is high, but of course these cases are rare in small ventricular defects. There are also some ventricular defects of 2 or 3 mm, the child is already very large, the ventricular defect has not been closed, often found by accidental examination, many hearts are normal size, usually behaving like normal people, it is reasonable that the life expectancy of such children will be lower than normal children, should be operated, and the decision of whether to operate is then in the hands of the parents. I have seen patients who have chosen to have surgery, but of course the risk of surgery is much lower.