At present, most brain-related diseases require surgical treatment. When it comes to surgery, most patients subconsciously resist it because after all, it is a very dangerous situation to operate on a person’s head, so patients try not to choose surgery if they can control the disease with conservative treatment. However, for the rare form of smog, experts have confirmed that medication is not effective in controlling the condition and further surgery is necessary to cure it. Smoke disease is due to chronic narrowing or occlusion of the main arteries of the brain, which often starts with headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, followed by sensory loss, mental retardation, aphasia, intracranial hemorrhage, acute hemiparesis, etc. Once due to the lack of awareness, the current status of treatment is not optimistic and often misdiagnosed and missed. In recent years, many domestic experts have persistently overcome many difficulties and broken many barriers, so that the clinical diagnosis and treatment level and academic research ability of smog disease have been improved by leaps and bounds. At the same time, it is clearly pointed out that surgery is the appropriate method to treat smog. Currently, there are direct bypass surgery, indirect patching surgery and combined vascular bypass surgery for smog, among which the first two surgeries are not outstanding due to the small blood supply area and long blood vessel formation period. Combined vascular bypass surgery cleverly combines the traditional direct bypass and indirect patching together, and after many clinical practices, it can realize the anastomosis of extracranial and intracranial blood vessels at the same time in one operation, complete the large area patching, establish a perfect blood circulation system for the brain, and improve the smog disease effectively.