HPV infection generally does not affect a woman’s fertility and women who are HPV positive can become pregnant. HPV infection also does not adversely affect the normal growth and development of the fetus. However, studies have confirmed that HPV can be transmitted from mother to fetus through the exchange of blood between the placenta during pregnancy, and that the mother may transmit HPV vertically to her baby through the birth canal during delivery. HPV is mostly present in the respiratory tract of newborns and can lead to the development of pharyngeal papilloma in infancy, although this is a relatively rare occurrence. Pharyngeal papillomas are prone to recurrence (some patients require multiple surgical interventions), malignancy, and obstruction of the respiratory tract causing varying degrees of respiratory distress and even death, with a poor prognosis. It has been reported that 9 children were born vaginally and all 9 mothers had HPV infection in the vagina at birth. All nine cases were surgically resected, and seven of them had recurrence after surgery. In order to prevent and avoid the occurrence of this disease, women of reproductive age should avoid sexual contact with high-risk groups and use condoms as a barrier protection. Cesarean delivery has no protective effect against intrauterine transmission of HPV but can reduce and avoid infection by the obstetric route. The fundamental prevention of pharyngeal papillomatosis lies in the prevention of HPV infection in pregnant women.