There are more than 100 subtypes of HPV, and the relationship between HPV and cervical cancer was first proposed and verified by German scientists in the 1970s. HPV is now divided into low-risk and high-risk types, probably based on its carcinogenicity. Low-risk HPV does not cause cervical cancer, but high-risk HPV may cause cervical precancer and cervical cancer. The main route of HPV infection is through sexual contact, but it is not the only route; HPV infection is found in children and virgins. HPV infection is actually a common thing and it can be said that everyone is a host of HPV infection, but normally, HPV is cleared by the human immune system, so a brief infection is not a special event, similar to when you get an infection from a cold virus, even without cold symptoms, your virus has been cleared from your body. What really causes trouble are those viral infections that persist. If the same subtype of HPV virus persists for more than 2 years, then there is a chance (note: chance, not inevitable) that it will lead to precancerous lesions of the cervix, and the development from precancerous lesions to cancer is also a long process, usually taking 10-15 years. At present, screening for high-risk HPV is not recommended for people under 30 years old, because transient infection will be more common, and even if the screening is positive, it is highly likely to be cleared after some time. The recommendations for screening for cervical cancer are as follows: 1. screening is not needed for those under 21 years old; 2. between 21 and 29 years old, cytology screening should be performed every 3 years; 3. between 30 and 65 years old, combined HPV and cytology screening should be performed every 5 years, or cytology screening should be performed every 3 years. 4. If you are 65 years old or older, you can stop screening if your previous results are normal. Therefore, it can be understood that HPV testing is not necessary under 30 years old, and over 30 years old, even if you are found to have high-risk HPV infection, there is no need to be too nervous because although it is a high-risk virus, it does not mean that you have cervical cancer, and the important thing at this time is screening cervical smear. Of course, if there are HPV typing test results, if you are found to be positive for subtypes 16 and 18, some scholars also recommend direct colposcopy and biopsy except for cervical cancer. At present, there is no effective treatment for HPV infection, so it is not recommended to treat the carrier state of HPV virus; there are many hospitals in China that provide doctors with drugs for HPV treatment, but I personally think that there is no good research evidence to support this; HPV vaccine is a preventive measure that is supported by evidence to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer.