Since there is no uniform surgical standard for thyroid cancer in China, some regions or hospitals generally do not clear the central group lymph nodes for thyroid cancer. However, since thyroid cancer, especially papillary cancer, has a relatively high rate of central group lymph node metastasis, some patients may be found to have metastasis in the central group lymph nodes at the time of review some time after surgery. When this happens, the best treatment option is to operate again to remove the metastatic central group lymph nodes, which can avoid further distant metastasis of the cancer and affect the long-term survival rate of the patient. However, reoperation to remove the central group lymph nodes does carry a great risk, mainly because of the fear of damaging the laryngeal recurrent nerve and parathyroid glands, causing complications such as permanent hoarseness and numbness in the hands and feet after reoperation, which affects the patient’s quality of life. Based on our experience with a large number of thyroid patients, we have gained a better understanding and knowledge of the anatomical sites of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands, and on this basis have performed repeat central group lymph node dissection in dozens of patients without permanent postoperative hoarseness or numbness of the hands and feet. Therefore, we believe that although there is a risk of reoperative lymph node dissection in patients with central group lymph node metastases after thyroid cancer surgery, the risk of reoperation can be minimized and the lesions can be completely removed to provide long-term survival as long as the patient is familiar with the anatomical location of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands.