Urinary stones are formed in the kidney and bladder and move down the urethral channel pathway, most likely to stay or become embedded in the physiological strictures of the ureter and urethra, i.e., the pelvic ureteral junction, the ureter across the iliac vessels and the bladder wall segment of the ureter, and the physiological strictures of the urethral orifice, membrane and external urethral orifice in the urethral strictures. So, why do urinary stones cause pain? One of the pains caused by urinary stones is a distending and/or dull ache. This pain is mostly caused by larger stones pressing, rubbing or causing fluid accumulation in the renal pelvis or renal pelvis, and mostly occurs in the affected cribriform angle or upper abdomen, and in a few cases, bilateral lumbago may occur due to reflexes. Second, it is renal pattern pain. Renal pattern pain is caused by smaller stones moving in the renal pelvis or ureter, causing ureteral spasm; strenuous exercise can be the trigger, and the pain starts in the back, lumbar or ribbed abdomen and radiates along the ureter to the lower abdomen, inner thighs, and vulva. In men, some of the pain is most severe at the testicles and penis, and may be accompanied by difficulty in urination, nausea, vomiting, profuse sweating, and deficiency. The pain may disappear suddenly when the stone stops moving or is discharged into the bladder. If the stone moves to the mucosal layer of the bladder, it may also cause frequent, painful, and urgent urination. On physical examination, there may be percussion pain in the affected kidney area and pressure pain in the ureteral or bladder area. The urologist made three suggestions: 1, ensure sufficient water, preferably drinking magnetized water containing few minerals, so that the daily urine volume can be maintained at 2-3L to achieve the effect of diluting urine, reducing crystal precipitation, flushing the urinary tract and discharging tiny stones; especially at night to avoid excessive concentration of urine, it is necessary to emphasize drinking water before bedtime. 2, Diet should avoid high oxalic acid foods such as spinach, tomatoes, potatoes, beets, lobelia, nuts, tea, cocoa, chocolate, etc., and avoid foods high in calcium such as milk, cheese, etc. 3, because it is the first time to find stones, and there is no underlying disease and pathophysiological disorders, it is not necessary to use drug treatment, only to follow up the elimination of stones and the formation of new stones. Prevention of urinary stones The incidence and recurrence rate of stones is high, usually 1/3 of patients recur within 5 years after treatment; there are many factors that form urinary stones, so scientific prevention is of clinical importance. 1, drink a lot of water to increase urine volume, dilute the concentration of stone forming substances in urine, reduce crystal precipitation and increase stone discharge. 2.Adjust food composition according to stone composition and metabolic status. Reduce the intake of calcium-containing foods (dairy products, soy products, nuts, etc.) for people with high calcium intake. Oxalate stone patients limit the intake of strong tea, peanuts, etc., oral vitamin B6 to reduce oxalate excretion, oral magnesium oxide to increase the solubility of oxalic acid in urine. Patients with high uric acid avoid high purine foods such as animal offal, take oral allopurinol and sodium bicarbonate; maintain urine pH at 6.5 to inhibit stone formation. For patients with hyperparathyroidism, adenomas or hyperplastic tissue must be removed. 3. Patients with urinary tract obstruction, urinary tract foreign body, urinary tract infection or long-term bed-ridden should be treated promptly to avoid stone formation.