Nose bleeding is a common condition that many people have experienced. Especially in summer, when the days are hot and dry, nose bleeds are common. Usually if the nose bleeds, people don’t pay much attention to it and think it’s solved by simply stopping the bleeding with cotton or even toilet paper. But in fact, the causes of nosebleeds are very complicated, and some of them are even the direct or indirect result of some serious diseases. Therefore, if you have frequent nosebleeds, you should go to a regular hospital in time to treat the cause in a targeted manner. So, what are the causes of nose bleeding?
A. What are the causes of nose bleeding
1, bruises and commonly used hands digging nostrils, injury easy bleeding area.
2, cold, acute infectious diseases and rheumatic fever, will make the nasal mucosa blood vessels become brittle, rupture bleeding.
3, suffering from diseases that affect the coagulation mechanism, such as hepatitis, nephritis, etc.
4.Poisoning by chemical substances such as mercury, phosphorus, arsenic or harmful gases stimulate the nasal mucosa to bleed.
5.When women are in menstruation, they are also prone to nasal bleeding because their blood vessels are in a dilated state.
6.People with blood diseases have nose bleeding easily, such as thrombocytopenic purpura, leukemia, hemophilia, etc.
7, dry rhinitis and atrophic rhinitis will make the nasal mucosa dry, the formation of dry scabs, dry scabs off easily tear small blood vessels.
8, special infectious diseases, such as nasal tuberculosis, if not treated in time, can produce granulation and ulcerated surface in the nasal cavity leading to bleeding.
9, emphysema, pulmonary heart disease, high venous vascular pressure, blood vessels are also prone to rupture.
10, the lack of vitamin C and K in the fluid, etc., resulting in increased vascular fragility, bleeding is not easy to stop.
11, benign tumors of the cavity and sinuses, such as hemangioma; malignant tumors, such as maxillary sinus cancer, malignant granuloma, etc. also easily cause blood vessel rupture and bleeding.
12, vascular disease, such as hypertension atherosclerosis makes the blood vessel wall elasticity becomes poor, blood pressure becomes high, easy to rupture, this bleeding is generally heavier.
Second, how to prevent nose bleeding
1, the elderly should move slowly during the weekday activities, do not force to blow the nose.
2, keep the room quiet, clean, the temperature should be appropriate. Keep the indoor air fresh, open the windows properly for ventilation, the temperature should be maintained at 18 to 20 ℃. Because the air is too dry can induce nasal bleeding, so the air humidity should be ≥ 60%.
3.For children with rhinorrhea, you should correct the bad habits that can easily lead to mucosal damage such as nose picking, nose rubbing and curious placement of foreign objects.
4, the diet should be into some easy to digest soft food, eat more fruits and vegetables, avoid spicy and stimulating diet, and keep the bowel movement smooth, constipation can be given laxative.
5.Patients with senile rhinorrhea are mostly accompanied by hypertension, coronary heart disease, bronchitis, etc. They should regularly prevent and control the original disease, and must carry out corresponding treatment for the cause, especially for patients with hypertension, they must control their blood pressure to normal or near-normal level as soon as possible, observe the changes in their condition and go to the hospital in time.
Third, the first aid method of nosebleed
1.Blow the blood clot out
Before stopping the bleeding, try to blow out the blood clot. Because the clot blocked in the blood vessel makes the blood vessel can not be closed. There are elastic fibers in the blood vessels, and when you remove the clot, these elastic fibers have a way to contract and close the opening for bleeding. Sometimes, after blowing your nose, you can stop the bleeding by slightly squeezing your nose with your hand.
2.Stuff gauze or wet cotton
You can also use Neo-Synephrine decongestant or Afrin nasal spray to wet cotton and chill the nostrils to help stop the bleeding. However, some experts prefer to wet the cotton with white vinegar. The acetic acid in the vinegar will burn slightly. But decongestant can only provide temporary stop bleeding, you may hurt the nasal membrane if you abuse it.
3. Pinch your nose
After blowing nosebleed (to remove blood clots) and stuffing cotton, pinch nostrils together with thumb and forefinger and keep pressing for 5-7 minutes. If the bleeding still does not stop, repeat the action of stuffing cotton and pinching the nose, and still press for 5-7 minutes. This should be able to receive the effect of stopping the bleeding.
4.Sit up straight
If you lie down or tilt your head, it will make the blood flow to the throat. You can sit on a chair and lean forward (do not tilt your head back).
5.Use ice to apply cold
Ice can promote vasoconstriction and reduce bleeding. You can use crushed ice or ice towels to apply cold compresses to the nose, neck and cheeks.
6.Apply ointment
When the nosebleed is under control, apply some vitamin E ointment in the nose. If there is no vitamin E, use a little antibiotic or steroid ointment instead, and apply it 2 to 3 times a day. Vitamin II ointment can promote wound healing, while antibiotic or steroid ointment town destroy the staphylococcus in the nasal cavity, not only stop itching, but also prevent the mucus from drying and hardening (so as not to induce the urge to pick the nose). If the nasal mucosa is painful due to dryness, use aloe vera or dysentery ointment.
7.Do not pick your nose
After doing the above treatment, it is best to lie down and rest for a while, and do not make intense exercise for at least two days. It takes 7-10 days to fully recover from the rupture of blood vessels in the nasal cavity. The blood flow stops after the blood clots, and then the clot gradually crusts over; if you dig your nostrils every other week, if you accidentally peel off the crusts, nosebleeds will recur.
8.Increase air humidity
When you breathe, your nose needs to ensure that the air reaching the lungs is moist enough. Therefore, when the environment is dry. Your nose has to work harder. It is recommended to use a humidifier to supplement the air humidity, the humidifier is best to add distilled water to avoid impure tap water (with water alkali and other impurities).