Normal blood glucose is fasting blood glucose less than or equal to 6.1 mmol/L and 2 hours postprandial blood glucose less than or equal to 7.8 mmol/L. If the fasting blood glucose is between 6.1 mmol/L and 7.1 mmol/L, the diagnosis is impaired fasting blood glucose. Impaired postprandial glucose was diagnosed if the 2-hour postprandial glucose was between 7.8 mmol/L and 11.1 mmol/L. Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed with fasting glucose greater than or equal to 7.1 mmol/L and or 2-hour postprandial glucose greater than or equal to 11.1 mmol/L, combined with or without symptoms of diabetes mellitus, including polyuria, irritable thirst, and weight loss without other triggers.
Usually, people with normal islet function do not get diabetes from drinking sugar water, but in patients with impaired glucose tolerance, patients who already have abnormal glucose tolerance, including impaired fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose, diabetes from drinking too much sugar water can. This may be related to the patient’s body’s insufficient ability to produce insulin and or decreased sensitivity of the surrounding tissues to insulin. Excessive sugar water can aggravate the early phase of endogenous insulin secretion deficiency, thus causing an increase in blood glucose and triggering diabetes. In addition to sugar water, consumption of excessive starchy glucose-containing foods and fruits can also induce diabetes.