1.Boiling water contact skin burns
After being scalded by boiling water, the most simple and effective first aid is to use a large amount of continuous rinsing water to cool down, lasting about 20 minutes. In the process of rinsing should pay attention to the force of the rinsing water should not be too large, to try to preserve the integrity of the blister skin after the scalding. If there is clothing, it should be cut off to avoid damaging the integrity of the blister skin in the process of undressing.
Do not apply various “antiseptic potions” to the wound surface, especially colored “red potions” or “purple potions”, or even smear it with soy sauce, toothpaste, sweet pasta sauce, etc., so as not to The doctor’s judgment of the severity and depth of the burn will be affected. After the above simple treatment, use a cool water bag or ice pack to apply cold compresses to the wound to relieve pain, and then immediately go to a specialist hospital or burn orthopedic department. Generally speaking, cool water bags than ice bags, because the temperature is too low will affect the local blood circulation.
2, fire-induced burns
Burning clothes on the casualty if it is difficult to take off for a while, you can let the casualty lie down on the ground and roll to put out the fire, or water to douse the flames. Do not run with fire or hand flapping, otherwise it may make the fire by the wind more and more vigorous, so that the hands are burned. Also do not shout at the fire, so as not to cause respiratory burns. To cover the mouth and nose with a wet towel to prevent smoke inhalation leading to asphyxiation or poisoning.
If the head and face after burns, often extremely swollen, and easy to cause secondary infection, easy to be missed and thus delayed rescue. Therefore, the casualty should be closely observed for progressive respiratory distress, and timely escort to the hospital for treatment.
3.Iron burns
First of all, we must immediately disconnect the electricity, and then choose different methods according to the degree of burns. Small area of mild burns, early blister formation, red and hot sore, the first cooling, that is, rinse with running water, after rubbing with sesame oil cloth or sterilized petroleum jelly gauze dressing. For those who have formed blisters, first wipe the surrounding skin with 0.1% Neosporin solution or 75% alcohol, rinse the trauma with saline or soapy water, under aseptic conditions, draw out the liquid from the bubble, and bandage the trauma with trisulfur ointment, tetracycline ointment, scald cream or sterilized petroleum jelly gauze with pressure.
Second degree burns should be treated with attention to preventing infection and giving painkillers to relieve pain. Large area burns must be sent to the hospital immediately for emergency treatment.
4.Burned by oil while cooking
When you are just burned, you should immediately use a soft cotton cloth to gently wipe away the spilled oil, then use a clean towel with cold water to wet compress the burn, or simply use the kitchen hose to rinse for 20 minutes. Remove the high temperature of the oil with cold water compresses, the purpose of doing so is that is the cooling effect. Try to reduce the depth of burns. The burns are shallow and usually do not leave scars. However, after the wound heals and dries there will be pigmentation, only these pigmentation completely fade will need a certain amount of time, short of a few days, long of a month or so. Before the wound heals, it is best to avoid spicy and irritating food, avoid smoking and alcohol.
5.Chemical burns
Chemical skin burns site treatment method is to immediately remove from the scene, quickly remove the chemically stained clothing, shoes and socks, etc.. Regardless of acid, alkali or other chemical burns, immediately flush the trauma with plenty of running tap water or water for no less than 30 minutes. Do not arbitrarily apply ointment or red salve on fresh trauma, without dirty cloth wrapping. For yellow phosphorus burns, rinse with plenty of water, soak or cover the trauma with multiple layers of wet cloth. Burns are often combined with fractures, bleeding and other traumatic injuries, which should also be dealt with promptly at the scene. Burn patients should be promptly sent to the hospital.
6.Drinking water burns
Drinking water burns belong to the mild injury, the patient coughs violently, there will be hoarseness, accompanied by sore throat, swallowing difficulties and other symptoms. Most of the injured are children. In case of throat burns, mild cases can be treated at home: first, do not eat hard or hot food, but mainly soft, cool food, and pay attention to rest; second, the use of Chinese herbal medicine Dazhongye, thorny, peppermint, Huang Lian orris, licorice 10 grams each, decoction, swallow frequently. For the throat edema is serious, has obviously affected breathing, should be immediately sent to the hospital for medical treatment.
7.Electrical shock burns
The greatest danger of electric shock burns is internal burns. When someone is found to be electrocuted, please immediately follow the steps below: first cut off the power supply, or use an insulator to move the power supply away, such as dry sticks, branches, broom handles, etc. When the power supply is unknown, remember not to touch the electrocution victim directly with your hands.
In bathrooms or wet places, rescuers should wear insulated rubber shoes and gloves or stand on dry boards to protect their own safety. If there is no heartbeat or breathing, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be performed immediately, do not give up easily, generally should be more than half an hour, and use automatic external defibrillator (AED) at the scene as soon as possible if possible. Call 120 as soon as possible to call an ambulance to send the patient to the hospital for treatment. Continue CPR care at the scene until the arrival of medical professionals. Local burn patients should be taken in situ for simple dressing of the wound, and then sent to the hospital for treatment.
8, dry ice “burns”
Dry ice is the former form of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide at room temperature for the gaseous state, if dry ice and human contact, it will quickly sublimate. And the process of sublimation to absorb a lot of heat, so it will “burn” people (in fact, frostbite). After being burned by dry ice, can be about 22-25 ℃ warm room, or immersed in 38-42 ℃ warm water, quickly raise the body temperature, do not bake with fire, cold water immersion or rub with snow, try to elevate the injured limb, warmth, braking. If a blister develops, do not poke the blister so that the wound is not exposed and the cells are infected. If the wound sticks to the clothing fabric, it is caused by local icing in low temperature. At this time, do not recklessly tear off the fabric, and apply 37℃-38℃ warm water to rinse.