I. In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET for short) 1. What is in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET)? The use of drugs to stimulate the development and maturation of multiple egg cells in the woman’s ovaries, and then surgically remove the eggs outside the body, place them in a laboratory container and fertilize them with the husband’s sperm, wait for the fertilized eggs to develop into embryos, and then select the better-developed embryos to be implanted in the woman’s uterine cavity. 2. The four main steps of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET): (1) Controlled ovarian stimulation: Stimulate the growth of as many eggs or oocytes as possible with drugs containing FSH. FSH: stimulate follicle development, hCG: induce follicle maturation and ovulation. (2) Egg retrieval: 36-38 hours after hCG injection, eggs are retrieved transvaginally under ultrasound vaginal. (3)In vitro fertilization: transfer the eggs to a petri dish in the laboratory and add the husband to retrieve the sperm to complete fertilization. (4) Embryo transfer: Embryo transfer is carried out about 3 days after egg retrieval, and generally 2-3 better embryos are selected for transfer into the uterus. There are also transferring a single blastocyst that has been cultured in vitro for 5 days, which can reduce the risk of multiple pregnancies, and there are also some European countries that advocate transferring only one embryo. 3.When is IVF-ET treatment needed? (1) Female tubal factors such as tubal obstruction or removal, resulting in sperm and egg not meeting. (2) Ovulation disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), repeated treatment or IUI still failed. (3) Endometriosis. (4)Oligospermia, weak or abnormal spermatozoa in male partner. (5) Immune infertility and unexplained infertility. Second generation IVF technology, i.e. intracytoplasmic single sperm microinjection (ICSI for short) 1. What is intracytoplasmic single sperm microinjection (ICSI)? After the woman’s eggs are removed from her body, a single sperm is injected into the oocyte plasma by microinjection to fertilize it passively, then it is cultured in vitro to develop into an embryo, and then the better embryo is selected to be implanted into the uterus. The biggest difference between this procedure and the first generation of IVF is that the sperm and egg are combined in different ways, but the rest of the steps are the same. 2.When is Intracytoplasmic Sperm Microinjection (ICSI) treatment applicable? (1) Severe oligo, weak and abnormal spermatids. (2) Obstructive azoospermia. (3)Spermatogenesis dysfunction. (4) Male immunologic infertility. (5)First generation in vitro fertilization failure. (6)Abnormal sperm acrosome function.