The length of survival of young people with erythrocytosis varies depending on the type of erythrocytosis. Erythrocytosis can be divided into two categories: primary, i.e., true erythrocytosis, and secondary, which is mainly caused by tissue hypoxia due to congenital heart disease, chronic lung disease, smoking, etc. True erythrocytosis occurs in only 1% of all cases in patients under 25 years of age. Patients often present with symptoms such as dizziness, weakness, tinnitus, and blurred vision, which can be treated with bloodletting or interferon maintenance therapy. The disease progresses slowly and has a long survival period, but it is prone to thromboembolism and can develop into myelofibrosis in late stages, and very few of them can develop into acute leukemia. Once acute leukemia occurs, most patients tend to survive for no more than about six months. Secondary erythrocytosis is mainly treated for the primary disease, which is a compensatory phenomenon and usually does not require special treatment. After eradication of the primary disease, the phenomenon of erythrocytosis can heal naturally and does not affect survival. In addition, patients with erythrocytosis need to be given a light diet that is low in salt, rich in vitamins and fiber, and to quit smoking and drinking more water.