What is trisomy 21?

  Down syndrome (DS) is a syndrome of trisomy 21, also known as congenital dysmorphic disorder (CDD) or demented tongue-like disorder (DS). It is called “syndrome” because of chromosomal abnormalities involving many genes and clinical manifestations of multi-organ and multi-system abnormalities. Down’s syndrome is also known as congenital dysmorphism.  There is no treatment for trisomy 21. While the average life expectancy of patients was only about 20 years until a few decades ago when the circulatory complications could not be treated surgically, the average life expectancy has increased to about 50 years if the complications are treated to keep the patient in good health. Some patients have even worked their way through a four-year college degree. In addition, early nurturing care helps the patient’s development. There is no cure for Downer’s syndrome.  Treatment 1. Prevention of birth of affected children For pregnant women at high risk of delivering trisomy 21, the diagnosis is determined by collecting chorionic villi or amniotic fluid, applying cytogenetic methods, performing cell culture, and karyotyping chromosomal dominant bands. With the development of cellular molecular biology techniques, primed in situ DNA synthesis (PRINS) technology has begun to be studied and applied in prenatal diagnosis. Through prenatal diagnosis, the birth of affected children can be prevented.  2, drug treatment There is no special, precise drug treatment. Certain drugs can be used to promote brain cell metabolism and nutrition, such as brain activator, glutamate, γ-aminotyrosine, cytidylcholine, etc., but cannot fundamentally solve the treatment of the disease.  3, care and training at present, although the trisomy 21 can not be effectively treated, but after careful care and appropriate training, it is possible to make progress and improve the patient.  4, symptomatic treatment of children with congenital abnormalities, as well as easy to secondary and concurrent various infections or diseases, should be based on the situation of each child, appropriate treatment.  The main features of children with Downer’s syndrome are low intelligence, delayed physical development and special facial features. Children with Downer’s syndrome are characterized by low intelligence, delayed physical development and a peculiar facial appearance. As the child grows older, the mental retardation becomes more pronounced, and the motor and sexual development are delayed. They have wide eye spacing, low nasal bridge, small eye fissures, lateral upward sloping eyes, inner contiguous redundancy, small external ears, narrow hard palate, tongue often sticking out of the mouth, salivation; short stature, head circumference less than normal, bone age often lags behind age, delayed teething and often misaligned; thin and less hair; short limbs, due to ligament laxity, joints can be overly bent, fingers are thick and short, small fingers are bent inward 2-5. skin texture features are: through the hand. The skin texture features are: through the hand, aid angle increased; 4th, 5th finger skip flexion increased; foot thumb ball tibial arch pattern and 5th finger only a finger fold pattern, etc.