After signing the informed consent form, all sperm donor volunteers are subject to preliminary screening. After the initial screening is qualified, they must undergo further examination and meet the health examination standards before they can donate sperm.
1. Initial screening of sperm donors
The sperm donor must be between 22-45 years of age, be able to provide a true general medical and genetic history of himself and his family members, answer other relevant questions from the physician, and provide semen specimens for examination as required.
(1) Medical history screening
①Medical history
Ask the sperm donor about his or her past medical history, personal life history and history of sexually transmitted diseases.
A. Past medical history
The sperm donor should not have systemic diseases and serious organic disorders, such as heart disease, diabetes, tuberculosis, liver disease, genitourinary system disease, hematological system disease, hypertension, mental illness and leprosy.
B. Personal life history
The sperm donor should have no long-term exposure to radiation and toxic and harmful substances, no drug addiction, alcoholism, tobacco addiction and other undesirable habits, and no history of homosexuality or sex tourism.
C. History of sexually transmitted diseases
Ask the sperm donor about the history of sexually transmitted diseases and sexual partners in the past six months, whether there are multiple sexual partners, and exclude people with high risk of sexually transmitted diseases (including AIDS). The sperm donor should have no history of sexually transmitted diseases, such as gonorrhea, syphilis, condyloma acuminata, infectious molluscum contagiosum, genital herpes, AIDS, hepatitis B and C, and exclude sexually transmitted diseases of sexual partners, vaginal trichomoniasis and other disorders
②Family survey
The sperm donor should not have a history of genetic diseases and family history of genetic diseases
A, chromosomal diseases: exclude various types of chromosomal diseases.
B, monogenic genetic diseases: exclude albinism, hemoglobin abnormalities, hemophilia, hereditary hypercholesterolemia, neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis, β-thalassemia, cystic fibrosis, familial dementia with black hood, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, congenital deafness, Prader-willi syndrome, hereditary optic nerve atrophy and other diseases.
C. Polygenic genetic diseases: exclude cleft lip, cleft palate, deformed foot, congenital hip dislocation, congenital heart disease, hypospadias, spina bifida, asthma, epilepsy, juvenile diabetes mellitus, psychosis, rheumatoid arthritis, severe hypertension, severe refractive error and other diseases.
(2) Physical examination
(1) General physical examination: The sperm donor must be in good health, without deformity signs, and without abnormalities in heart, lung, liver and spleen examinations, and should also pay attention to the presence of multiple intravenous injections in the extremities.
②Reproductive system examination: the sperm donor must have a well-developed reproductive system, no malformations, no ulcers of the reproductive system, urethral secretions and warts of the reproductive system and other disorders.
2.Laboratory examination
(1) Chromosomal examination: routine karyotype analysis of the sperm donor’s chromosomes must be normal to exclude sperm donors with chromosomal abnormalities.
(2) Examination of sexually transmitted diseases
(1) sperm donor hepatitis B and hepatitis C tests are normal.
(2) Sperm donors with negative tests for syphilis, gonorrhea, AIDS, etc.
③ sperm donor chlamydia, mycoplasma, cytomegalovirus, rubella virus, herpes simplex virus and toxoplasmosis, etc. test negative.
(4) Semen should be routinely cultured for bacteria to exclude pathogenic bacterial infections.
(3) Routine semen analysis and quality requirements of sperm donor
The semen of the sperm donor should be routinely examined. Abstinence should be 3-7 days before sperm retrieval. The semen quality requirements are higher than the standards of the World Health Organization’s Laboratory Test Manual for Human Semen and Sperm-Cervical Mucus Interaction (4th edition, 1999): semen liquefaction time less than 60 minutes, semen volume greater than 2 ml, density greater than 60×106/ml, survival rate greater than 60%, including forward-moving sperm greater than 60% The normal morphology rate of spermatozoa is greater than 30%.
(4) ABO blood group and Rh blood group examination.
(5) Freezing recovery rate check
Sperm freezing experiment should be performed. The freezing recovery of forward-moving sperm should not be less than 60%.
3. Follow-up and management of the sperm donor
(1) The sperm donor should be immediately disqualified for sperm donation if the following conditions occur.
(1) genital warts.
(ii) genital herpes.
(iii) genital ulcers.
④ abnormal discharge from the urethra.
⑤ The sperm donor has a new sexual partner.
(2) A comprehensive examination of the sperm donor at least once every six months.
(3) The sperm bank should track clinical information on the presence of sexually transmitted diseases after the use of frozen semen by the recipient.
(4) HIV review of the sperm donor: six months after the semen is frozen and stored, the sperm donor shall be tested again for HIV and tested negative before the frozen semen can be used.
4, the basic criteria for external sperm supply
For frozen sperm used for insemination or in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer, the total number of forward-moving sperm (a+b level) after freezing and recovery should not be less than 40%, and the total number of forward-moving sperm in each semen should not be less than 12×106.