Two major factors that affect the size and thickness of scars

  It is called crab foot swelling in Chinese medicine and is a kind of fibroma. This disease is related to the physique and is a product of excessive proliferation of fibrous connective tissue. Anyone with scarring physique has a high possibility of forming scars if the epidermis is damaged, such as trauma, mosquito bites, vaccination, burns, folliculitis, acne, etc. Local factors include post-traumatic inflammation, foreign body irritation, and excessive tension.  A. Classification of scars Scars can be divided into two categories: primary and secondary. Primary scars are mostly on the front of the chest or back of the shoulders, starting with small red dots with itching, gradually changing from small to large, from soft to hard, red or dark red, with cords, butterflies, round and irregular shapes, etc. Secondary scars are also called hyperplastic scars, and are also classified as: acne scarring and scar cancer. Most of them are caused by burns, trauma, acne, infection and pus, or after surgery, laser, freezing, skin implant, or hormonal drugs, which can cause excessive proliferation of damaged tissues and degeneration of subcutaneous tissues, resulting in red or dark red skin with itching or stinging, and some of them have obvious outwardly extending capillaries.  If the wound is in the epidermis, the body will create the same cellular tissue to fill it, leaving no scars. However, if the wound penetrates deep into the dermis, the skin will create strong scar tissue to effectively link the wound in order to prevent it from opening. Within three to six months after the injury, the scar tissue will continue to proliferate, called the proliferative phase, during which the body will create tiny blood vessels near the wound to supply the scar tissue with nutrients, so the early scars will look red and bumpy and hard to the touch like a rope. The average time for a mature scar to fade, flatten and soften is three to six months.  The two most important factors that affect the size and thickness of scars are the body type and the tension of the scar.  Once there is a wound on the body, the scar will proliferate and expand rapidly like a tumor, and there is no effective treatment for this condition. In addition, the darker the skin tone, the more likely it is to leave scars, which is also a physical factor.  In addition to the body type, the tension is the main factor that affects the beauty of scars. The tension can be said to be the force that opens the wound, and the amount of scar tissue is directly proportional to the size of the tension. The greater the tension, the more scar tissue is created, resulting in the ugly red, bumpy, hard scars we see. What are the factors that affect tension? The most important factor is the direction of the wound. When the wound direction is parallel to the skin line, the wound tension is minimal, and with proper suturing, the scar is often only a faint line, hidden in the skin line and almost invisible. On the contrary, if the direction of the incision is perpendicular to the skin line, the tension of the wound is the highest and the scar is the most obvious. In addition, the tension of the scar is also related to the wound site, high activity frequency, such as near the joints, around the mouth, will be due to frequent activity, the wound is easy to crack, that is, the tension is greater, so these parts of the scar tissue will be particularly more, particularly thick.  An expert and friend, Professor Zhao Yuming of the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, suggested in his article “My Opinion on the Generation of Keloid Scars” that the generation of human scars is caused by the upright walking of human beings. This is proposed from the perspective of wound tension. Imagine that in the standing position, the weight of the body’s skin is suspended from the upper part of the body, and therefore the majority of scar production is located in the upper part of the torso. When the animal walks on all fours, the weight of the skin is spread evenly over the limbs, and the animal has the habit of resting on the ground, which reduces the hanging weight of the skin even more, thus reducing the tension of the wound. Similarly, when an animal has a small chest wound, the weight of the skin on both edges of the wound points to the ground at the same time, whereas in humans with a small chest wound, the weight of the skin below the incision needs to be suspended from the skin above the wound by the scar, which naturally increases the tension and therefore increases the production of scars. It is very interesting to note that the alignment of chest scars is usually transverse, whereas wounds in patients with precordial disease are usually longitudinal sternal scars, and scar proliferation is rarely seen as long as infection does not occur. This is the reason why he suggested that scarring is related to the straight force walking of a person.  However, in the author’s opinion, the formation of scars on the chest is more precisely influenced by constant tension changes (respiratory movements) rather than tension effects. Because we know that there is intercellular contact inhibition in the wound repair process, repeated respiratory movements make the intercellular growth contact inhibition mechanism work abnormally, which leads to excessive scar proliferation.  There are many theories on the mechanism of scarring available from one monograph to another, even down to the molecular and genetic level. However, those who have proposed the so-called genes and growth factors as a network of scar production mechanisms have not made any constructive comments on the clinical treatment of clinical scars until today. To date, the scientific community has been unable to answer two questions: first, why do scars occur only in humans, but not in animals, let alone scars. Therefore, the reconstruction of scar and keloid models in animals has become the bottleneck of our scientific research in this direction. Secondly, fetuses do not produce scars and bumps, so some experts abroad have tried to perform cleft lip surgery, so-called fetal surgery, while the mother is pregnant in order to reduce scarring after cleft lip repair. These two phenomena inspire us to think deeply, because it is possible that we are in the vicinity of the key to unlocking the mystery of scar formation.  The main purpose of preventive measures lies in the immature stage before and between the formation of scars. The main purpose is to remove as many factors that cause scar growth as possible (for example: burns, trauma, wounds, acne, ear piercing, vaccination, etc.), to reduce the growth of scars, to prevent various deformities and dysfunctions caused by scars on the body, and to pay attention to minimizing mechanical, chemical, and thermal stimulation of the affected area when serious. In serious cases, we should pay attention to minimize the mechanical, chemical and thermal stimulation of the affected area, and avoid the occurrence of repeated pulling, frictional ulceration and infection. Especially the parts with poor immune function, such as the chest and back of the shoulder. According to our analysis, compression therapy and the use of upper body compression garments will play an important role in the prevention and treatment of scars.