The hymen is a hollow membrane covering the female vaginal opening, usually about 1 to 2 mm thick. It has a hole in the center of the membrane called the hymenopore, which is the outlet for menstrual blood and vaginal secretions. The size, thickness and toughness of the hymen vary from person to person. A normal hymen is protective, a natural barrier for the evolutionary selection of dominant sperm, and prevents the introduction of dirt into the vagina. In most women, the hymen is torn in one or more places after the first sexual intercourse, resulting in bleeding during the first sexual intercourse. Later, as the number of sexual intercourses increases, the vaginal opening also gradually increases and the hymen is torn in multiple places or is old and damaged. But there are a few women whose hymens are so flexible and elastic that they do not rupture even after many times of intercourse, only the hymen hole increases, and some people do not have a ruptured hymen until they have their first child, forming a hymen scar. In addition, accidental hymen rupture can be caused by sports, trauma, bicycle riding, irregular gynecological examinations, etc. Therefore, it is not scientific to use the presence or absence of hymenal rupture and bleeding as a test of virginity. Regardless of the cause of the hymen breakage, if the patient requests it, it should be repaired just like any other tissue or organ breakage in the body. How does the physician examine the hymen before hymenoplasty? A thorough gynecological examination is advisable before hymenoplasty, and the procedure should be postponed if there are other infectious diseases. The procedure should be avoided during menstruation, usually about three days after menstruation. If the patient has irregular periods, it is important to take into account the time of last sexual intercourse to rule out the possibility of pregnancy. How is hymenoplasty performed? Depending on each individual’s situation, Ken chooses a different method of repair. The end result is that the hymen is restored to its anatomical integrity and the hymen is made to have an aperture that can pass through only a small fingertip. Are there any risks associated with the procedure? It is important to limit activities for one month after the hymenoplasty to avoid the possibility of reopening the wound. Even if the wound heals well, there is no guarantee of significant bleeding during the first sexual intercourse. Because the surgery only restores the anatomical integrity, there is no way to predict from which point the next rupture will occur. If there are just small blood vessels at the rupture, there will be more bleeding; conversely, there may be little or no bleeding. In addition, there are no significant risks associated with the procedure, and it does not cause any damage to the body or affect future pregnancies or births. What do I need to do before the surgery? If you have vaginal inflammation, you should take medication for a few days and wait for the inflammation to subside before having the procedure. Make an appointment with your surgeon more than one day in advance. If you smoke, you should stop smoking before surgery. Aspirin and certain anti-inflammatory medications can increase bleeding during and after surgery, so you should stop taking these medications some time before surgery. What happens on the day of surgery? The surgery is usually performed in a hospital outpatient operating room under local anesthesia and takes about 1 hour. After the surgery, you can usually go home directly, but very special patients should be kept in the hospital for observation. What should I expect after surgery? There will be a small amount of blood leakage for 7-10 days after surgery, similar to the last 2 days of menstruation. If there is a sudden increase in pain and bleeding, immediate medical attention is required. The wound should be cleaned with potassium permanganate solution (no sitz baths as this may increase the tension of the wound) once a day for 7-10 days after surgery. Within one month after hymenoplasty, squatting should be strictly prohibited. It is better to use a sitting or semi-squatting position when going to the toilet, and not to separate your legs too much when getting on and off the bus or train. Avoid strenuous sports (including running, swimming, yoga, etc.). You should eat more fruits after surgery to avoid constipation. Do not perform activities that increase the tension on the perineum such as bicycle riding. Review one month after surgery, and marriage is more desirable after two months after surgery.