Torsion spasms are also known as torsiondystonia, dystoniamusculorumdeformans, or dystonialenticu-laris. Also known as dysmorphic dystonia is a group of extrapyramidal disorders manifested by an episodic torsional increase in muscle tone of the trunk or (and) extremities. The main pathological changes in torsion spasm are reduced degeneration of small neurons in the caudal shell nucleus and cells in the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum, and the main clinical features are dystonia and involuntary twisting movements. Clinical manifestations: This is a common disease in adolescents, with generalized dystonia as its typical manifestation. It is clinically characterized by violent, involuntary twisting of the neck, extremities, trunk, or even the whole body, with hyperextension or hyperflexion of the hands and feet, usually centered on the long axis of the body. The twisting movements are often very slow and repeated intermittently. Normally we complete a movement with one group of muscles contracting while the other corresponding group relaxes. In patients with torsional spasm, this program of contraction and relaxation that the muscles follow consciously is disrupted and replaced by a continuous tense contraction of certain muscles, even in the quiet state. Patients commonly present with a head twisted to one side when standing, shoulders thrown back, one arm extended forward and one extended backward, both knees bent inward, feet widely separated to maintain balance, or with inversion of the foot and inability to fully land on the bottom of the foot. When lying flat, the body will be bowed, relying on the shoulders and hips for support, and some can only lie prone on the bed. Over time, some muscles may become abnormally enlarged and joints may become contracted and deformed. The symptoms will disappear after the patient falls asleep. Diagnosis: 1. Slow onset, mostly starting in the lower extremities and extending to the trunk and extremities. The episodic increase in muscle tone is characterized by involuntary twisting parallel to the longitudinal axis of the muscle, which is heavier proximally, resulting in plantar inversion of the foot, spiral twisting of the head, neck and trunk, and may be accompanied by eyebrow squeezing, crooked mouth and tongue extension. The symptoms can also be limited to a certain part of the torso, and those occurring in the cervical muscles are called spastic diagonal neck. The symptoms are mostly triggered or aggravated by mental tension or walking, and disappear during sleep. 2. Except for the secondary cases, the intermittent neurological system is normal, and a few have diminished intelligence. 3.In addition to primary cases (common in 8-15 years old), it can be caused by cranial trauma, infection, carbon monoxide poisoning, drugs (such as haloperidol), hepatomegaly, etc. Occasionally, it is also seen in vascular disease and brain tumor. There are corresponding medical history, symptoms, signs and auxiliary examinations seen. Treatment: 1. Etiological treatment. 2.Medication for symptomatic treatment. 3. Stereotactic brain surgery is feasible if drug therapy is ineffective.