Perioperative period: also known as the whole period of surgery (pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative), refers to the period from the time the patient is welcomed into the surgical ward to the time the patient is discharged from the hospital after surgery. Depending on the time, it is divided into: pre-operative period, mid-operative period and post-operative period. The following describes the preoperative and postoperative precautions respectively. Pre-operative: 1) Audiology and temporal bone imaging; 2) Routine cardiac, hepatic, renal, pulmonary and coagulation function tests; 3) Skin preparation, nail clipping and cleaning one day before surgery at 6 cm behind the ear on the operated side. The following communication with the child and parents is also conducted before surgery: the child is prelingually deaf, has language communication disorder, is relatively withdrawn and paranoid, and has a fear of surgery. The medical staff has more contact with the children to gain their trust so that they can accept the surgery and treatment in a good psychological state. Parents should be informed of the importance of cochlear implantation to the child’s hearing and language recovery and the expected efficacy of cochlear implantation, so that they can establish appropriate expectations, and emphasize the importance and long-term nature of post-operative hearing and language rehabilitation training, so that parents can actively cooperate with the treatment. Postoperative care: 1. Monitor vital signs 6 hours after surgery; 2. If the child is irritable, parents are advised to hold his hands to avoid scratching, which may affect the healing of the incision; closely observe the wound for blood oozing and pain, and apply antibiotics and hemostatic drugs as prescribed by the doctor. Third, the postoperative period should pay attention to the management of complications: 1, infection: postoperative infection is one of the important factors leading to implantation failure. 2. Electrode dislodgement: Braking is required for 3 days after surgery to reduce the child’s head movement. 3. Lymphatic fistula, vertigo and vaginitis: Since the cochlear implant is inserted in the inner ear drum, the outer lymphatic fluid can be touched and the vagus can be stimulated, leading to lymphatic fistula and vertigo and vaginitis. 4. Facial palsy: Since the facial nerve is stimulated, compressed and exposed during surgery, facial palsy may exist after surgery. Facial palsy may exist after surgery. Observe whether the patient has facial movement disorder after surgery and treat it timely. Preliminary introduction to the opening and commissioning of the cochlear implant: The opening of the cochlear implant after surgery refers to the installation of cochlear implant devices and the commissioning of the cochlear implant system by audiology professionals. The start-up time is usually about one month after surgery. During the month following start-up, the cochlear implant is commissioned once a week for a total of four times. This can be changed to once every two weeks or once a month, depending on the patient’s condition, for a total of 2-3 times. Subsequently, commissioning is done every 3 months for a total of 2-3 times. Finally patients should be followed up by professional institutions every 6 months to a year.