How to treat low temperature burns

  Winter is known, many families gradually use hot water bags or baby warmers to keep warm, for our burn orthopedic surgeons, the potential risks that exist need to be informed.  Hypothermic burns are burns caused by prolonged contact of the skin with a low heat object above the body temperature, although the base temperature is not high. When the skin is exposed to a temperature above 70°C, the contact time that causes epidermal necrosis does not exceed one second; while when the skin is exposed to a temperature of nearly 60°C for more than five minutes, it may cause burns, and such burns are called “low temperature burns”.  In general, the skin and low temperature heat source for a short time contact, only cause superficial burns on the epidermis or dermis, but if the low temperature heat source continues to act, it will gradually develop into deep dermis and subcutaneous layers of tissue burns. Low temperature burns are different from high temperature burns in that the pain of the trauma is not very obvious, only redness, swelling, blistering, peeling or whitening of the skin, and the area of the burns is usually not too large, and the surface looks less serious, but in fact most of the trauma is deeper, and some serious cases even reach degree III burns, which can cause serious consequences if not treated properly or in a timely manner.  The people who suffer from low temperature burns are mostly elderly people with combined underlying diseases or students and working groups. The elderly people are not easily aware of the burns because of the dull sensation of the lower limbs, and the burns are not discovered until they reach a very serious level. The student group and work group, because of the daytime study, business heavy, deep sleep at night, not easy to wake up, so the burns are not easy to detect.  Once the low-temperature burns, first rinse with cold water or cold compress burns, in order to achieve the purpose of cooling, and block the heat source continues to spread to the deep, and then to promptly seek medical attention, do not use soy sauce or toothpaste to smear the burns, on the one hand, easy to cause infection in the burns, on the other hand, coloring interferes with the physician’s judgment of the degree of burns.  Because the low-temperature burns will hurt the deep part of the skin, the treatment course is relatively longer, and the treatment is also more troublesome, especially the trauma deep serious low-temperature burns, it is difficult to cure by the method of local drug change, if necessary, must use the surgical method to remove the necrotic tissue, according to the degree of burns and different surgery to receive treatment.  In order to avoid the occurrence of low temperature burns, it is best for the elderly to avoid prolonged contact with objects whose temperature exceeds their body temperature. Some elderly people with diabetes, vasculitis or stroke sequelae, long-term bedridden need special attention. If you use electric blankets, do not set the temperature too high, and do not use all night, and do not spend a long time close to the heater and other heating equipment. In the use of hot water bags for heating, the water temperature is not easy to too high, hot water bags are best wrapped in cloth insulation, or placed in the middle of two layers of blankets, so that hot water bags do not directly contact the user’s skin.  Do not fill the hot water bag too full, filled with about 70% hot water can be, the water temperature is not too hot, and drive out the air inside the bag, do not squeeze the hot water bag, pay attention to tighten the cover to prevent water flow out. The use of hot water bags for warmth is best not too long, preferably before going to bed in the quilt first warm nest, take out when sleeping, try to avoid the whole night placed in the nest, if you want to sleep on the feet for warmth, to use a towel to wrap the hot water bag, do not make the heat surface directly on the skin.