Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is one of the most common conditions in urology clinics. It causes not only physical discomfort in patients but also endangers their mental health and is therefore considered a chronic disease that affects the quality of life of the population in the same way as angina pectoris, Crohn’s disease or post-infarction status. Epidemiology: Different literature reports different methods of investigation and their results vary. It is generally accepted that the prevalence of the disease is about 3-10% in all populations. Patients with this disease account for approximately 15% of all urology outpatients. Etiology and pathogenesis: It is currently thought to be the result of a combination of etiologies. The relevant etiology and pathogenesis include: pathogenic infection, urinary dysfunction, psychosomatic factors, neuroendocrine factors, abnormal immune response, imbalance of blood perfusion, etc. Diagnosis: Chronic (type III) prostatitis, chronic pelvic pain syndrome clinically manifested as perineal, testicular and penile root, suprapubic abdomen, inguinal, lumbar and sacrococcygeal hidden, swelling pain, some patients combined with lower urinary tract irritation symptoms Some patients have symptoms of lower urinary tract irritation, such as frequent urination, urgent urination or dyspareunia, and may have different degrees of sexual dysfunction. The clinical diagnosis of CPPS is based on symptoms, bacteriological examination and the exclusion of other organic and functional diseases. Treatment: Chronic pelvic pain syndrome is always considered to be the most difficult type of prostatitis to treat. Most of the current treatments are. However, it should be noted that CPPS has a complex etiology and a variety of symptoms, and it is often difficult to achieve satisfactory results with a single treatment method. Thus, in recent years, a combined treatment method has been adopted for different pathogenesis of prostatitis to obtain more satisfactory results. The quinolones have an affinity for the prostate gland and can penetrate the lipid-like membrane of the prostate gland to reach a high concentration in the prostate gland. In addition to being effective against Gram-negative and positive bacteria, they are also effective against Chlamydia and Mycoplasma, making them more effective. 2, α-adrenergic receptor blockers can reduce the resistance of the patient’s posterior urethra and bladder neck, reduce urinary reflux in the prostate, and improve the patient’s symptoms. 3.Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, botanicals, 5α-reductase inhibitors and herbal medicine Research has confirmed that the body’s immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CPPS. cP inflammation is mediated by cytokine-induced expression of chemoaugmentin, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), etc. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can have both anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects; in addition, the therapeutic role of botanicals,5 reductase inhibitors in CPPS is gaining attention. Nickel et al. reported that the NIH-CPSI pain score, urinary symptom score, and quality of life score of CPPS patients treated with finasteride (50 mg/d) for 6 weeks showed significant improvement compared with the placebo group. In addition, the treatment with finasteride was particularly useful for those with prostate enlargement. In addition, the valuable treasure of Chinese medicine – Chinese medicine has many pharmacological properties such as clearing heat and detoxifying, activating blood circulation and resolving blood stasis, relieving dampness and turbidity, regulating qi and relieving spasm, attacking and tonifying, etc., which meet the treatment requirements of CPPS. 4.Biofeedback therapy Considering that pelvic wall tension myalgia may be an important pathogenetic basis for type IIIB, training and regulating the stretching and contraction of pelvic wall muscles through biofeedback technology can achieve the therapeutic purpose of releasing spasm and relieving pain. In recent years, the application of biofeedback technology in the treatment of CPPS has been reported at home and abroad, and has achieved encouraging results. However, the effect of heat therapy is often short-term, and the available reports lack long-term follow-up treatment. In addition, prostate massage, acupuncture, etc. can also improve the drainage of the glandular ducts, prompting the inflammation to subside, there are certain reports at home and abroad, but its long-term effects also need further study. 6.Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) The pain-relieving effect of ESWT has been verified in lithotripsy treatment, and it also has therapeutic effect on soft tissue lesions. In recent years, it has been applied in the treatment of sports system diseases such as myofascial soft tissue inflammation and degenerative knee joint, with satisfactory results. In the treatment of CPPS, Cumpanas et al. achieved some efficacy after extracorporeal shock wave therapy in 34 patients diagnosed with CPPS for more than 3 months, with an overall reduction in pain symptoms and improvement in quality of life scores. And further by a randomized double-blind clinical trial, Zimmermann et al. applied low-energy ESWT (maximum energy density 0.25 mJ/mm2; frequency: 3 Hz, 3000 shocks per session) to 30 patients with CPPS after 4 weeks of treatment and found that all patients had significant improvements in symptom scores, voiding symptom scores, and quality of life scores compared to the placebo group, and no PSA changes and no significant adverse effects. In China, Sun Xianjun et al. treated 22 patients with CPPS with ESWT and achieved certain efficacy, and concluded that ESWT had significant effects in relieving pain and improving quality of life with few adverse effects, but ESWT was ineffective in relieving lower urinary tract symptoms and improving sexual function. It is believed that the mechanism of ESWT for the treatment of CPPS may be: 1, mechanical stress effect: shock wave into the body due to different degrees of mechanical stress effect generated by different propagation media, this stress effect can cause physical changes in the tissue cells of the lesion and then lead to accelerated capillary microcirculation, increasing cellular oxygen uptake and improving local tissue microcirculation. 2, nociceptive nerve receptor closure: shock wave for nociceptive nerve receptor stimulation, changing the receptor to pain acceptance frequency and the composition of the surrounding chemical media, inhibit nerve endings cells, so that the subsequent centripetal impulse can not be transmitted so as to relieve local pain. 3 induce tissue microtrauma and stimulate healing: the healing process caused by the formation of blood vessels and increase the local nutrient supply, and thus relieve the symptoms of discomfort . In terms of adverse effects, ESWT is currently considered to be a very safe method for the treatment of CPPS. No significant treatment or follow-up adverse effects have been reported in any of the above studies. The safety of ESWT is mainly in the following aspects: 1) human soft tissues have similar acoustic impedance to water, so that the high-energy shock wave will not release energy and cause damage to the tissues when it passes through; 2) the external shock wave can be precisely positioned, and the energy is highly concentrated in the target area to reduce the surrounding tissue damage. In conclusion: With the rapid development of molecular biology, molecular immunology and related technologies in recent years, CPPS treatment methods are increasing and innovative, and the effectiveness of treatment is becoming more and more prominent. Future RCTs of CPPS must take into account the variability of symptoms and return to their mean values, and clinical studies need to be evidence-based, multicenter, prospective, and large-sample studies, with attention to the optimal course of treatment and follow-up.