Fibrobronchoscopy is mainly used in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: a. Treatment of endobronchial lesions of pulmonary tuberculosis: flushing and aspiration of foreign bodies, blood clots, mucous sputum and secretions obstructing the bronchi via fibrinoscopy; treatment of ulcerative and granulomatous lesions of bronchial tuberculosis; dilation of bronchi; treatment of scarring stenosis of bronchi; reduction or elimination of various causes of pulmonary atelectasis, etc. Second, local chemotherapy administration: local injection of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy drugs via fibrinoscopy. Systemic chemotherapy plus local treatment is effective in the treatment of endobronchial tuberculosis. Local injection of anti-tuberculosis drugs via fiberoptic bronchoscopy can increase the sputum smear negative rate from 70.8% to 96.1% and the cavity closure rate from 26.9% to 59.2%, up to 72%. Bronchoscopy is not suitable for those who are critically ill, have significantly impaired cardiopulmonary function, hemoptysis within 1-2 weeks, severe hypertension and severe cardiac arrhythmias. Bronchoalveolar lavage is a new technique developed in recent years on the basis of fiberoptic bronchoscopy. The smear and culture of alveolar lavage have a certain positive rate, especially the positive rate of culture is higher. For the few patients with clinical tuberculosis who have little or no sputum and cannot be diagnosed, the detection of tuberculosis bacilli in alveolar lavage is a rare and effective method for the final diagnosis of tuberculosis. Notes for fiberoptic bronchoscopy: Before the examination: 1. fasting and drinking for 4-6 hours before the operation; 2. in the morning of the same day, you need to bring the chest X-ray or chest CT film of our hospital or foreign hospital examination and the local anesthetic issued by the nurse to the fiberoptic bronchoscopy room on the third floor of the inpatient department and wait in line; 3. relax emotionally, do not be nervous; if you have dentures, you should remove them and keep them properly, and cooperate closely with the physician so that the examination Please bring toilet paper. During the examination: when doing fiberoptic bronchoscopy, take a supine position with shoulders slightly padded, head squared, slightly tilted back and nostrils facing up. This position can make the muscles relaxed and more comfortable, and can prevent syncope, and is more suitable for the examination of the elderly, frail and nervous people. Cooperate closely with the surgeon during the operation, and avoid coughing when the endoscope is entering the vocal cavity. After the examination: 1. Drink moderate amount of water first after two hours after the examination, and eat only if there is no choking and coughing; 2. Nasopharyngeal discomfort, pain, hoarseness, fever, and blood in sputum may occur after the examination; 3. Coughing hard should be avoided as much as possible to avoid bleeding from the brush or biopsy site; 4. If you cough up a lot of blood and other discomfort after the examination, you should reflect it to the medical staff in time.