[Explain the cause of the disease
Viral myocarditis is an acute, subacute or chronic inflammation of the myocardium that is confined or diffuse caused by various viruses. The common pathogens are the enteroviruses coxsackievirus group A and B, as well as echovirus, poliovirus and influenza virus. The onset is common in the fall and winter and can occur at any age.
Description of the symptoms
The severity of symptoms varies widely. Mild symptoms, or even no symptoms; severe cases can be complicated by serious arrhythmias, heart failure, cardiogenic shock or even sudden death.
1. The age of onset is more common in children and adolescents. Half of the patients have a history of upper respiratory tract or gastrointestinal tract infection within 1-3 weeks before the disease, followed by palpitations, shortness of breath, precordial discomfort or vague pain and tachycardia with disproportionate body temperature, sometimes with nausea, headache and loss of appetite.
2.Severe cases of heart failure cause shortness of breath, telangiectatic breathing, swelling, and arrhythmia, and individual severe cases may develop cardiogenic shock.
3.Some cases have atypical performance and may present with various symptoms, which are likely to mask the symptoms of myocardial damage at this time.
【Introduction of treatment
1.Apply drugs to improve cardiomyocyte nutrition and metabolism, such as vitamin C, B, coenzyme A, creatinine, ATP, fructose diphosphate, etc. Adrenocorticosteroids are generally not used, but only in severe cases such as fulminant heart failure or those with heart failure, shock, high atrioventricular block, rapid heart enlargement within a short period of time, and high fever that does not subside.
2. Treat the primary disease and give antiviral treatment. If there is respiratory tract infection, symptoms of precordial pain should be given symptomatic treatment. Use drugs to regulate cellular immune function, such as human leukocyte interferon, polycystin, thymidine, transfer factor, etc.
3. Treatment of complications Give symptomatic treatment for arrhythmia, heart failure, shock, etc.
[Key education
1, diet: in the acute stage into high protein, high calorie, high vitamin, easy to digest low salt diet, a small number of meals, should not be too full. Restrict sodium intake in heart failure.
2.Activities: During the acute period, bed rest should be absolute to prevent overexertion, until the symptoms disappear and the electrocardiogram returns to normal before getting out of bed, usually about 3 months. Those with enlarged heart or symptoms of cardiac insufficiency should be extended to half a year, and children with severe disease such as combined heart failure should rest for 6~12 months until the symptoms disappear and the heart returns to normal size, and activities should be appropriately restricted for 3~6 months during the recovery period.
3. Review time and indications: chronic children should be reviewed regularly, especially those with enlarged heart, premature beats, atrioventricular block of degree I or II, and non-specific ST-T changes should be reviewed regularly for a long time. Recovered children with symptoms of respiratory or gastrointestinal tract infection should be seen at the hospital at any time. If dizziness, syncope, or As syndrome occurs, they should be sent to hospital immediately for treatment.
【Special delivery
1.Strengthen health education, enhance physical fitness and improve the body’s ability to resist disease.
2.For better recovery of myocarditis and arrhythmia control, rest well and ensure sufficient sleep.
3, such as taking anti-arrhythmic drugs, understand the side effects of the drug, regular electrocardiogram checks to prevent adverse reactions. When the symptoms do not decrease or other symptoms appear after the medication, report to the doctor, do not stop the medication or switch to other drugs.
4. Children with this disease may have recurrent disease due to viral infection again, and premature resumption of physical work may delay recovery or even aggravate the disease.