Synovitis of the knee in the narrow sense refers to a non-infectious inflammatory disease caused by acute trauma or chronic strain to the knee joint, resulting in the accumulation of blood or fluid in the knee joint cavity. It can be divided into acute traumatic synovitis and chronic injury synovitis. Acute traumatic synovitis occurs in young people who love sports; chronic injury synovitis occurs in middle-aged and elderly people who are obese or who overuse the knee joint for weight bearing. Synovitis in the broad sense includes synovitis of the knee joint in the narrow sense as well as synovial inflammation caused by various diseases such as infection and tumor, which has a broader scope.
How can synovitis be caused?
1. Synovitis in young people
In young people, knee synovitis is mainly caused by knee sprains and a variety of intra-articular injuries, such as meniscal injury, synovial injury, cruciate or collateral ligament injury, intra-articular effusion or sometimes blood accumulation, manifested as acute traumatic synovitis of the knee. Intra-articular injuries and dislocations can sometimes be caused by simple synovial injury to the knee, such as mild trauma, or long-term chronic knee strain.
In addition, wind, cold and dampness can cause chronic knee synovitis if the knee joint gradually becomes swollen and dysfunctional. Another cause is infection, which is commonly synovial tuberculosis, generally speaking, the synovial membrane is rich in blood vessels, good blood circulation, strong resistance to bacteria, but in the case of infection with tuberculosis bacteria, the disease progresses more slowly, its symptoms are sometimes good and bad, this is one of the chronic synovitis of the knee joint.
2. Synovitis in the elderly
Knee synovitis, in the elderly mostly secondary to knee osteoarthritis, mainly due to cartilage degeneration and osteophytes produce mechanical biochemical stimulation, secondary to knee synovial edema, exudation and effusion, etc.
3.Over-exercise
The swollen joint type is mainly swollen after excessive exercise, with pain of varying severity. In the non-swollen type, joint pain predominates and is often accompanied by mild swelling. Studies have confirmed that both types are essentially the same, but differ only in the degree of synovial pathology. Researchers have found that after prolonged single-motion overload of the knee joint, the synovial tissue becomes congested and edematous, and the exudation of red and white blood cells and fibrin is positively correlated with increased intra-articular pressure and decreased partial pressure of oxygen;
When the rate of exudation exceeds the rate of compensatory absorption of synovial membrane, joint fluid accumulates, and then the intra-articular pressure continues to rise and the partial pressure of oxygen continues to fall in a vicious cycle, which results in the formation of chronic aseptic inflammation such as synovial degeneration and fatty growth. It also plays an important role in the development and regression of the disease.
How to avoid it in life?
1. Avoid excessive activity and strain on the knee joint, especially for those who play vigorous sports with both lower limbs (such as dancers, athletes, porters, etc.) and pay more attention to the combination of work and rest to prevent tissue damage caused by excessive force, otherwise, as we age, it is easy to develop osteophytes.
2. When a fracture occurs in the knee joint, it is important to go to the hospital in a timely manner so that the fracture end can be anatomically repositioned as much as possible. If the repositioning is unsatisfactory, surgery should be performed in a timely manner.
3. If you are too obese, you should control your diet, adjust your diet structure, reduce your caloric intake, and keep your weight within the appropriate range to reduce the pressure and wear on your joints.
4, the elderly can appropriately supplement calcium, vitamin D and other drugs closely related to bone metabolism joints, while engaging in moderate physical exercise to slow down the aging of bone tissue and the process of degenerative changes.
Daily diet to pay attention to?
1, to eat less milk, goat milk and other milk and peanuts, chocolate, millet, cheese, milk sugar and other foods containing tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan, because they can produce arthritis mediators prostaglandins, leukotrienes, tyrosine kinase autoantibodies and anti-milk IgE antibodies, etc., easy to cause allergies and cause arthritis aggravation, recurrence or deterioration.
2, eat less fat, high animal fat and high cholesterol food, because the ketone body, acid, arachidonic acid metabolites and inflammatory mediators, can inhibit T lymphocyte function, easy to cause and aggravate joint pain, swelling, bone decalcification osteoporosis and joint destruction.
3, less sweets, because its sugar prone to allergies, can aggravate the development of synovitis, easily caused by joint swelling and pain aggravation.
4, less alcohol and coffee, tea and other beverages, pay attention to avoid passive smoking, because they can aggravate the deterioration of arthritis.
5, can eat more animal blood, eggs, fish, shrimp, bean products, potatoes, beef, chicken and beef “tendon” meat and other foods rich in histidine, arginine, nucleic acid and collagen.
How to exercise correctly?
1, acute inflammation mainly with rest, prohibit excessive exercise, if the amount of fluid, should be appropriate rest, elevate the affected limb, do functional exercise of the knee joint in bed, exercise quadriceps is an important and effective treatment measures, you can lie on your back in bed, muscle relaxation, self do quadriceps force contraction exercise 30 times, 2-3 times a day, accompanied by straight leg raising exercise 30 times, 2-3 times a day.
2, inflammation control after the elimination of edema, you can get out of bed to do a moderate amount of single-leg upright endurance test, how to exercise good knee synovitis?
(1) the palm of both hands on the patella to do around the movement
(2) sitting on a bench and chair to do kicking exercises
(3) consolidation period with squatting functional exercise (can first support objects or squatting with a healthy limb support)
The above methods should not be rushed, and gradually increase the amount of exercise.
3, avoid long-term strenuous exercise, long-term, excessive, strenuous exercise or activity, exercise or activity is one of the basic causes of induced synovial degeneration. Especially for weight-bearing joints (such as the knee joint, hip joint), excessive exercise increases the force on the joint surface and increases wear and tear. Long-term strenuous exercise can also cause excessive stress and strain on the bones and surrounding soft tissues, resulting in local soft tissue damage and uneven stress on the bone and ilium, leading to osteophytes.
If there is a large amount of fluid, you should rest, elevate the affected limb and do functional exercises on the knee joint in bed.