In clinical work, we often encounter some patients who are found to have very low visual acuity in one eye during medical examinations for school entrance examinations, military recruitment and driving license examinations. This can lead to a loss of opportunities for further education and employment, as well as adding many obstacles to later life. Amblyopia is a congenital disease with a prevalence of about 3% in children, the causes of which include refractive error, strabismus, congenital cataract, congenital corneal clouding, etc. Many of these diseases can be treated, as long as the possible causes of amblyopia are removed in a timely manner, with effective visual training, vision can be improved to varying degrees, and most can be restored to the normal range, thus getting rid of the problem of amblyopia. However, there is a certain age limit for the development of visual function, generally speaking, children’s vision can reach the normal adult level at the age of 5, and the development potential of vision after the age of 10 is very small. Treatment of amblyopia must be done before visual development is complete to be effective, and the earlier the treatment is done, the better the results. Therefore, timely detection and correct intervention is the basic principle of treating amblyopia in children. It is recommended that parents conduct the first test of the child’s visual function development around one year after birth and give timely treatment if abnormalities are found to prevent the formation of untreatable amblyopia in adulthood.