Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system, occurring mainly in young and middle-aged adults. According to the WHO in 2005, there are more than 122,000 cases per year worldwide and the incidence is increasing year by year, with most of the increased cases being microscopic thyroid cancers less than 1 cm in diameter. This increase is attributed to the use of more sophisticated diagnostic methods and is somehow related to changes in lifestyle and environment. However, thyroid cancer has a very high survival rate beyond common knowledge, with over 90% of patients surviving for 10 years according to the WHO, due to the slow progression biology of most thyroid cancer subtypes. It is this naturally high survival rate that makes patients and some doctors overlook many details of the treatment process that can be improved, and even a few doctors think that “thyroid cancer does not affect survival”, “how much thyroid gland is cut is determined intraoperatively”, “it does not matter. “It does not matter, we can do it again after recurrence” and “we can survive for 10 years even after recurrence”. In fact, the survival rate after recurrence is still decreasing, and the second surgery is very difficult and often causes certain functional damage. The more you consider the functional damage that may be caused by the second surgery, the more likely the scope of surgery will tend to be conservative, and then there is the possibility of another recurrence and the need for three or four surgeries, and I once saw a patient who repeatedly had surgery for several years from the onset of the first surgery to the appearance of double lung metastases that could not be operated on. In one case, the patient was operated 7 times from the first surgery to the first inoperable metastasis in both lungs, and each time the metastasis or recurrence was found, the patient was cut there until finally the metastasis in both lungs was inoperable. At present, many domestic hospitals at all levels still follow the principles of empirical medicine of the 70s and 80s in the treatment of thyroid cancer, and there are a lot of inconsistencies and arbitrariness, even in some oncology hospitals, there is a phenomenon of one doctor saying one thing about the same disease and one doctor treating another. What is hidden under the natural high survival rate of thyroid cancer? In fact, the fundamental reason is that there is no unified treatment standard for thyroid cancer. In fact, many national professional societies have issued their own guidelines for the treatment of thyroid cancer based on the summary of large scale specimens, such as the American Association of Endocrine Clinicians AACE, American Association of Endocrine Surgeons AAES, American Thyroid Association ATA, British Thyroid Association BTA, Royal College of Radiologists RCR, National Cancer Network NCCN and other societies. Among them, ATA reviewed more than 430 level 1 evidence level documents by topic and strength of argument in 2009, and the guidelines were revised by American Association of Endocrine Clinicians AACE, British Association of Head and Neck Oncology BAHNO, European Association of Maxillofacial Surgery EACMFS, European Nuclear Medicine Society EANM, European Society of Endocrine Surgery ESES, European Society of Paediatric Endocrinology ESPE, International Association of Endocrine Surgery IAES, and International Association of Endocrine Surgeons IAES. The International Association for Endocrine Surgery (IAES), the Latin American Thyroid Society (LATS), and other academic organizations have signed a wide acceptance. Other neighboring regions or countries with the same ethnicity as ours, such as Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Korea, and Japan, have also adopted the ATA guidelines for thyroid cancer treatment. However, given the current academic atmosphere and medical environment in China, we do not have sufficient strength and literature base to develop our own guidelines for thyroid cancer treatment for a long period of time. With the continuous development of modern medicine worldwide and the in-depth understanding and research of many diseases, there have been innovations and advances in the treatment methods and means of treatment, some of which are even revolutionary. After decades of clinical practice by foreign counterparts and some young and middle-aged scholars in China with stable and reliable efficacy, we propose that thyroid cancer treatment should also be in line with international standards and “modernized”, the connotation of which includes: at the present stage and under the present conditions, according to the internationally accepted or widely adopted guidelines for thyroid cancer treatment, with Under the present stage and conditions, we should make precise staging and risk assessment of thyroid cancer, adopt standardized programmed (surgical) treatment, and precisely monitor the recurrence of the disease after surgery, so as to minimize the risk of tumor recurrence and metastasis and achieve the best or even complete cure.