The incidence of thyroid cancer in Binzhou and its surrounding areas is on the rise, with multiple cases occurring in one unit, and even multiple cases in one building, so each unit has made the thyroid a key screening item during health checks. More than 90% of the patients who have been diagnosed are papillary thyroid cancer. In order to know the diagnosis and post-operative review, I will make a scientific explanation here. Thyroid cancer (Tc) accounts for 1% of malignant tumors in the human body and its incidence has been increasing in recent years. Thyroid cancer can occur in all age groups, with a prevalent age of 50-54 years for women and 65-69 years for men. As a curable malignant tumor, differentiated thyroid cancer requires us to standardize its treatment, which has more pathological types, and the main treatment means is surgery. 1.Papillary carcinoma: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of TC. It accounts for about 70%, it metastasizes early, with cervical lymph node metastasis being the most common, generally 40% to 50%. The aim of surgical treatment is to remove all neck tumor tissues including the thyroid gland and the involved neck lymph nodes. The main theoretical basis for the former is: (1) to emphasize multiple cancer foci; TC multiple cancer foci have been reported and are currently recognized by experts; some data show that 10%-24% of the affected lobe of one side of the cancer is resected and later the cancer appears on the opposite side, while the recurrence rate of the opposite side is 2% with total thyroidectomy. The recurrence rate of total thyroidectomy is 2%. (2) Total thyroidectomy, paying attention to the preservation of the posterior envelope of the contralateral lobe, can reduce the hypoparathyroidism to 2%-5%; the latter is mainly based on: (1) the rate of clinical cancer in the contralateral lobe is not high for occult cancer foci. (2) There is no statistical difference in long-term efficacy compared with total thyroidectomy, which is prevalent abroad and adopted by many domestic experts. 2.Cervical lymph node dissection for thyroid cancer: Before the 1960s, traditional cervical lymph node dissection was commonly performed, which mainly removed the lymph nodes in the pre-tracheal, paratracheal, internal jugular vein, supraclavicular, and paraneoplastic areas, as well as the sternocleidomastoid muscle, scapulolingual muscle, internal jugular vein, and paraneoplastic nerve together with the surrounding soft tissues. With the accumulation of experience and improvement of techniques, the traditional cervical dissection was improved by preserving the internal jugular vein, paramedian nerve and submandibular gland, in addition to the scapulolingual muscle and external jugular vein. After the operation, the postoperative sequelae such as facial swelling and shoulder pain were significantly reduced, but did not affect the efficacy. Gradually, functional neck dissection has been fully affirmed and widely used. 3. Re-operation of thyroid cancer: Due to the level of awareness and technical conditions, the primary foci and cervical lymph node metastases of many TCs are not cleared in a standardized way, so the residual and recurrence of cancer are not uncommon. Since some biological behaviors in TC are more malignant and infiltrative, coupled with scar adhesions caused by the first surgery, when recurrent masses appear in the neck, the second surgery is prone to surgical complications and the surgery is difficult, so the second surgery should not be delayed. The second surgery should preferably take no more than 3 months. The mode of secondary surgery should be based on the mode of the first surgery. The patient’s examination and type should be analyzed comprehensively. The residual lobe of the thyroid, together with the fibrous connective tissue around the glandular bed and the partially adherent anterior cervical girdle, and the contralateral lobe of the gland can be completely excised, and the laryngeal nerve should be separated and protected during surgery. The laryngeal nerve should be separated and protected during surgery to avoid sequelae caused by injury to the laryngeal nerve. If swollen lymph nodes are palpated in the neck or swollen lymph nodes are detected in the ipsilateral neck, ipsilateral modified cervical clearance is performed. Ipsilateral modified neck dissection and total thyroidectomy with distant metastases followed by radioiodine therapy can also achieve better results. Timely secondary surgery greatly improves the surgical efficacy of TC. Since secondary surgery is complicated and technically demanding, it is best to complete the surgery for the first time; if secondary surgery is indeed required, it is best to choose an experienced surgeon to perform the surgery.