In recent years, there has been a resurgence of tuberculosis, and spinal tuberculosis has the highest incidence of tuberculosis in bones and joints throughout the body. The incidence of lumbar spine tuberculosis is the highest, followed by thoracic and cervical spine tuberculosis. For the surgical treatment of lumbar spine tuberculosis, anterior tuberculosis lesion removal combined with posterior pedicle fixation is routinely used. The advantage of anterior surgery is the complete removal of tuberculosis lesions, which significantly reduces the recurrence of tuberculosis after surgery. Dozens of cases of lumbar spine tuberculosis are treated surgically every year, and good results have been achieved.