Jaw bulge is an abnormal protrusion of the jaw bone. Patients can develop jaw bulge symptoms when they have diseases such as jaw enameloblastoma and maxillofacial giant cell tumor of bone. Once the symptoms of bulging jaws appear, you should go to the hospital promptly. Examination items: 1. Oral X-ray examination Through the dental special X-ray equipment, the focal part of the tooth is photographed for examination. Clinical significance: The dentist should ask the patient to take radiographs to evaluate their oral condition, which includes health history, dental clinical treatment history, clinical examination and evaluation of susceptibility to dental diseases. Procedure: Curved tomography is very safe and the doses of radiation used in dentistry are very low. Generally dozens of surface tomography is only equivalent to a chest X-ray. 2.Maxillofacial examination Through the examination of expression and consciousness, appearance and color, facial organs to determine the location and nature of the lesion. Clinical significance: Abnormal findings Based on the facial expression, color, texture and elasticity changes of the maxillofacial skin, the patient’s state of consciousness, physical condition and severity of the disease can be understood. Pupillary changes are an important sign of craniosynostosis. One of the early symptoms of maxillary sinus cancer patients can be nasal obstruction on the affected side or bloody discharge from the nasal cavity. Population to be examined: people with maxillofacial injuries. Examination procedure: (1) Voice and auscultation examination Check the nasal voice of patients with cleft palate; the mass at the root of the tongue may have “olive voice”. In patients with temporomandibular joint disorders, auscultation can be performed in the joint area, which can help to confirm the diagnosis and typing of the disease according to the time and nature of the joint popping. (2) Maxillofacial examination â‘ Expression and consciousness examination Observe the changes of facial expressions, based on facial expressions, we can understand the patient’s state of consciousness, physical condition and the severity of the disease. (2) Appearance and color examination Observe and compare the appearance of the maxillofacial region, whether the left and right sides are symmetrical, whether the proportion is coordinated, and whether there are protrusions and depressions. Changes in the color, texture and elasticity of the skin of the maxillofacial region are important for the diagnosis of certain diseases. â‘¢Facial organ examination Eyes: Observe the changes of pupils, such as pupils with large filial reaction to light, etc. Nose: Pay attention to the presence of cerebrospinal fluid nasal leakage, the presence of lateral nasal obstruction or nasal cavity with bloody secretions. For patients with deformities, special attention should be paid to the site of the defect (nasal wing, nasal tip or other) and the size of the defect. In addition to the above, attention should also be paid to checking the patient’s sense of smell. Ear: If a maxillofacial casualty has bleeding or oozing from the external auditory canal, attention should be paid to the presence of cerebrospinal fluid aural leakage due to fracture of the middle skull base. Condylar fractures causing rupture of the external auditory canal may also have bleeding from the external auditory canal. Patients with deformities should likewise pay attention to the site of the defect and the size of the school For inflammation and tumors in the adjacent parts of the ear (such as the temporomandibular joint and parotid area), both the hearing and the ear should be examined. 3, oral endoscopy The emergence of oral endoscopy has brought a new paradigm for the examination and treatment of oral aspects, when the patient’s lesion scene is displayed in front of the patient without more description or expertise. Clinical significance: The physician can further detect the patient’s oral lesions with the aid of clear and visual images and take various treatment measures in a timely manner. Abnormal findings: abnormal signs caused by disease, such as redness, blistering, ulcers or spots on the oral mucosa. People to be examined: abnormal color of the mouth, pain, ulceration, odor, etc. Inspection process: the use of software storage function, the patient’s oral condition to the maximum archived, conducive to long-term possession of patient oral consultation, if supplemented by means of telephone return visits, retention of long-term patients more likely to become, the same three-dimensional launch of the medical endoscope with a key capture function, can instantly take pictures, clear display. 4.Mandibular movement examination Check the patient’s mandibular movement of forward extension, open and closed jaw movement and lateral movement, check whether its joint function is normal, there is no pain, popping or murmur. Clinical significance: Abnormal results Impaired opening and closing jaw movement, forward extension movement and lateral movement of the patient’s lower jaw indicate abnormal joint function, pain, popping or murmur, inconsistent joint motion on both sides, deviation, as well as restricted opening and difficulty in opening the mouth, indicating jaw movement dysfunction. Need to check the population of jaw dysfunction, mouth opening and opening difficulties, temporomandibular joint disorder disease. Examination process: (1) Whether the opening degree and opening pattern are normal and whether the joint dynamics on both sides are consistent. The degree of opening is the distance between the incisive edges of the upper and lower central incisors when the patient opens the mouth widely. It can be measured by bipedal gauge or vernier ruler. (2) Popping and murmur: whether there is joint popping and murmur, the time, nature, number and loudness of the popping; whether there is strangulation during the opening and closing movement of the mouth. 5.Maxillofacial CT examination can make timely and accurate diagnosis of fracture site, fracture type and degree of fracture displacement, which is of great importance for clinical formulation of correct treatment plan. Clinical significance: Abnormal results can be determined by observing and recording the number of fractures of maxillofacial bones to determine the type of maxillary fracture. Patients with maxillofacial fractures should be examined. Procedure: A GELight?speed multilayer spiral CT scanner was used within 48 h after the injury. The scanning position was supine, the baseline was the mandibular angle, and the scanning range was from the mandibular angle to the brow arch. Scanning parameters: voltage 120 kV, current 200 mA, layer thickness 3.75 mm, pitch 0.938, bed speed 9.37 mm/rot. layer thickness was thinned to 0.625 mm after volume scanning, and reconstruction data were transferred from the mainframe to the ADW4.2 image post-processing workstation for multi-planar reconstruction (MPR) and three-dimensional reconstruction volume imaging (3D?VR) with a reconstruction interval 0.625, using the bone algorithm.