As with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, if not promptly screened, diagnosed and treated, liver tissue can develop fibrotic changes and have the potential to further evolve into cirrhosis or even cancer. According to statistics, about 1 million people worldwide die each year from liver failure, cirrhosis and primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) caused by HBV infection. Therefore, the key to stopping this “domino effect” is how to prevent the disease from happening in the first place and to eliminate and resolve the risk of disease involved in chronic HBV infection in a timely manner. Based on the requirements for patient follow-up in China’s “Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B (2010 Edition)” and the definition of risk groups for screening in the “Chinese Ministry of Health Guidelines for Primary Liver Cancer (2011)”, and with reference to the guidelines and opinions of scholars in Europe, the United States and Japan, we suggest that the screening population and surveillance methods for HBV chronic infection be appropriately adjusted. Screening strategy for cirrhosis: For people with long-term chronic HBV infection, who have sustained normal liver function and negative HBV DNA, HBV DNA, liver function, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and ultrasonography are recommended at least every 6 months. For those with normal liver function but HBVDNA positive, HBV DNA and liver function are recommended to be tested every 3 months, and AFP and ultrasonography every 6 months; CT/MRI, liver transient elastography or liver histology should be performed if necessary. Friendly reminder: Patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who are >40 years old for men or >50 years old for women and CHB patients with a family history of HCC are the high-risk groups who need to be screened.