In general, the choice of anesthesia should be based on the premise of ensuring effectiveness and safety, and the selection of anesthesia methods and drugs that are effective, simple, economical, and with little adverse effects. There are many anesthesia methods that can be used for cesarean delivery, each with its own advantages and disadvantages, indications and contraindications. The choice of anesthesia depends on the experience of the anesthesiologist, the medical history of the pregnant woman and fetus, the surgical indications for cesarean delivery, and the urgency of the procedure. The choice of anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery is less controversial, with intrathecal anesthesia, often referred to as hemianesthesia, being the best choice. Pregnant women undergoing intrathecal anesthesia have better intraoperative and postoperative outcomes than those undergoing general anesthesia.Hawkins et al. found that the maternal mortality rate for cesarean section under general anesthesia was 0.0032% compared to 0.0002% for cesarean section under intrathecal anesthesia, a difference that was mainly due to maternal respiratory factors. Due to the specific physiological and anatomical changes that occur after pregnancy, the number of women with difficult intubation is more than 10 times higher than in the general population, hypoxemia can occur quickly with brief respiratory arrest, and there is a higher chance of maternal aspiration. Elective cesarean delivery under intrathecal anesthesia is also beneficial to the newborn. The vast majority of elective cesarean deliveries in the United States are now performed under intrathecal anesthesia, and studies have found that newborns born under intrathecal anesthesia have relatively high Apgar scores and fewer fetuses are born with acidemia. Because subarachnoid block (lumbar anesthesia) has a faster onset of action than epidural anesthesia and has a more precise anesthetic effect, it is widely used in elective cesarean anesthesia. At present, the lumbar and epidural anesthesia commonly used at home and abroad is a combination of lumbar anesthesia and epidural anesthesia of their respective advantages not only conducive to the successful completion of cesarean section surgery and post-operative analgesia. However, the choice of anesthesia for emergency cesarean section is often controversial. Emergency cesarean section is divided into “emergency cesarean section” and “immediate cesarean section”. For immediate cesarean section, time is of the essence and the anesthesiologist must complete the anesthesia quickly and efficiently, so general anesthesia is basically chosen. For non-immediate cesarean sections, either intrathecal anesthesia or general anesthesia can be chosen by evaluating the condition of the fetus and the mother.