A fertilized egg planted outside the body cavity of the uterus is called an ectopic pregnancy and is customarily referred to as an ectopic pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancy accounts for about 1% to 2% of all pregnancies and is the most common acute abdomen and the leading cause of death in the first trimester of pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancy includes tubal pregnancy, ovarian pregnancy, abdominal pregnancy, broad ligament pregnancy, and cervical pregnancy. Among them, tubal pregnancy is the most common, accounting for about 95%. The incidence of ectopic pregnancy has increased significantly in recent years, and the main causes include tubal inflammation, history of tubal surgery, and tubal dysplasia or abnormal function. The popularity and improved level of β-HCG testing, ultrasound and laparoscopy have enabled early diagnosis and treatment of ectopic pregnancies, and their mortality rate has decreased significantly. Clinically, there are ruptured and unruptured ectopic pregnancies. The classic triad of ectopic pregnancy is a history of menopause, abdominal pain and irregular vaginal bleeding. Patients may have a history of menopause of 6 to 8 weeks and pelvic and abdominal pain mainly in the lower abdomen, more severe on the affected side. When the level of HCG supporting the endometrium decreases, it may manifest as a small amount of intermittent or continuous brown bleeding. When ectopic pregnancy miscarries or ruptures with a lot of blood accumulation in the abdominal cavity, stimulation of the diaphragm may cause chest pain and shoulder pain, which is known as tetralogy of Fallot, and may be accompanied by syncope and shock. Severe abdominal pain and hypotension indicate a ruptured ectopic pregnancy with a lot of intra-abdominal bleeding, which requires urgent surgical treatment. Patients with unruptured ectopic pregnancy have stable vital signs with mild symptoms such as lower abdominal discomfort, irregular vaginal bleeding or no symptoms, but life-threatening intra-abdominal hemorrhage may occur at any time. Therefore, patients should seek early medical attention. The diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy is based on the patient’s clinical presentation, β- HCG test, ultrasonography, posterior vaginal fornix aspiration, diagnostic curettage and laparoscopy. The principle of treatment for ectopic pregnancy is mainly surgical, followed by non-surgical treatment. The surgical approach is based on the patient’s age, fertility status, the condition of the affected fallopian tube and the patient’s general condition, and the choice of conservative surgery with tubectomy or preservation of the fallopian tube. Surgical treatment can be laparoscopic or open surgery depending on the patient’s condition and other factors. Non-surgical treatment includes expectant therapy and medication. Pharmacological treatment is mainly indicated for early tubal pregnancy and young patients who require preservation of fertility. The most commonly used and effective drug is methotrexate, which can be administered systemically or locally. Systemic treatment is simple and easy, and the success rate is not lower than that of local medication, therefore, systemic medication is mostly used at present. After drug treatment, patients should be monitored for clinical manifestations, blood β- HCG levels, ultrasound examinations and toxic reactions.