Osteomyelitis is commonly referred to as inflammation of the bone marrow, which involves the bone marrow. In a narrow sense, osteomyelitis refers only to infection of the bone and bone marrow, while in a broader sense, the infection involves the bone marrow and its surrounding periosteum and presents symptoms such as increased body temperature or localized redness, swelling and pain, or localized sinus flow. In terms of cause, it can be divided into hematogenous osteomyelitis and traumatic osteomyelitis. With the improvement of living standards, the probability of hematogenous osteomyelitis has become less and less. However, with the increase and development of motor vehicles and various mechanical devices, traffic injuries and mechanical injuries are becoming more and more frequent, and such injuries more often lead to serious soft tissue injuries, even open comminuted fractures. These injuries are complex and often accompanied by systemic multi-organ injuries, the early stage of treatment is often life-saving, and the treatment of fractures is often simple to stabilize first, and then give good treatment after the patient’s systemic condition is stabilized. Delaying the best time to treat open fractures, coupled with the heavy environmental pollution at the time of injury, can easily lead to infection, which involves the bone or periosteum and leads to osteomyelitis.