Pathological myopia refers to the pathological lengthening of the eye axis and the backward expansion of the layers of the eye wall to form a chylomicron, which leads to ischemic pathological changes such as vitreous clouding and liquefaction, retinal and choroidal atrophy, and macular degeneration, resulting in serious impairment of visual function. In pathological myopia, genetic factors are the main causative factors, and together with a variety of congenital and acquired factors, they cause scleral texture abnormalities and scleral metabolic disorders resulting in scleral thinning and relative inability to withstand intraocular pressure and dilatation, which in turn cause morphological changes in the eye. Posterior scleral reinforcement can mechanically strengthen the sclera to make the wall of the eye thicker and firmer, so that the eye axis will not continue to elongate and slow down the development of myopia. It can also improve the visual function by improving the blood circulation of the choroid and retina, and prevent or reduce the occurrence of serious complications. A large number of studies at home and abroad have shown that posterior scleral addition with the same procedure has good treatment in preventing and treating the progression of pathological myopia, and is currently the main method of treating pathological myopia. What is pathological myopia in children and adolescents? The international regulations stipulate that: myopia progression over -5D under the age of 8; myopia progression over -8D under the age of 12; myopia progression over -10D under the age of 18; are included in the scope of pathological high myopia in children and adolescents. Who can have posterior scleral reinforcement? (1) Myopia with increasing myopia, with refractive error increasing more than 1.0D per year; (2) adults with refractive error ≥ I.8.00D, eye axis ≥ 27.00mm, and retinal choroidal degeneration in the fundus; (3) scleral chylomalacia in any part of the eye; (4) pathological myopia with a clear genetic predisposition. Exclusion of other ocular diseases.