Myopia is the most prevalent visual abnormal eye disease among children and adolescents in China and the world. According to incomplete statistics, the prevalence of myopia among urban students in China is 50%, 60% and 70% in elementary, middle and high schools, respectively. The continuous progression of myopia increases the incidence of blinding fundus complications, including macular degeneration, macular neovascular hemorrhage, and retinal detachment. However, myopia prevention and control is still unsatisfactory because the pathogenesis of myopia is very complex and still not fully revealed. Currently, there are many different so-called “myopia correction devices” on the market, which not only fail to correct myopia, but also delay treatment and seriously endanger the visual health of young people. As an optometrist, I face many parents with the same misconceptions every day, and I feel the importance of myopia prevention and control science, hoping to help parents understand how to scientifically prevent and treat myopia through the explanation of common myopia misconceptions. Myth 1: Myopia in children is pseudophakic, and wearing glasses will only make it deeper. Almost all parents of children with myopia who visit the clinic for the first time will ask the question: “Isn’t the child pseudomyopia?” They even “talk about glasses” and think that “wearing glasses is the end of the story”. This misconception is due to a lack of understanding of the nature of myopia. The development of myopia is due to the excessive prolongation of the eye axis and the mismatch between the refractive power of the frontal segment. Therefore, true and pseudomyopia are not distinguished by age. The so-called “pseudomyopia” is an uncommon clinical condition that refers to transient myopia caused by over-regulation. Myopia in children and adolescents requires a dilated eye exam to confirm the diagnosis, and therefore must be examined by a professional optometrist in a hospital, rather than simply by inserting lenses in an optician’s office. The misconceptions about wearing glasses are even more alarming, as many first-time parents believe that “wearing glasses will aggravate myopia and lead to eye deformation”. In fact, the opposite is true: myopia can be exacerbated by not wearing glasses. Animal and clinical studies have shown that blurred vision is an important factor in the development of myopia, and therefore, uncorrected myopia only exacerbates blurred vision and leads to myopia development. Clinical studies have also proven that wearing glasses for myopia can help control the development of myopia. There are some institutions in the market that solicit customers under the guise of “myopia rehabilitation training”, but in fact, only by repeatedly stimulating the visual center to improve the threshold of blurred discrimination, not to really reduce myopia, so the so-called “myopia correction” is an illusion. Myth 2, children with myopia should wear glasses shallow with this misconception or based on parents’ deep-rooted belief that the degree of wearing deep is not conducive to controlling the development of myopia. There is a definitive answer to the question of whether myopia should be fully corrected or undercorrected. Randomized controlled clinical studies have shown that full correction of myopia in children is better than undercorrection (e.g., 150 degrees) for controlling myopia progression. Why? First, adequate correction ensures that myopic eyes have clear vision at both distance and near, thus avoiding blur-induced myopia progression. Secondly, the foot correction is necessary to maintain normal accommodation and pooling functions, thus maintaining normal binocular monovision. Myth 3: Progressive multifocal glasses are a good way to control myopia Progressive multifocal glasses were originally designed to reduce the amount of adjustment needed to look close, and are therefore mainly used for patients with presbyopia. Traditionally, myopia was thought to be due to over-adjustment, but it is now clear that myopia is not due to over-adjustment, but rather inaccurate adjustment. For most myopia, there is an adjustment lag in near vision, and wearing progressive multifocal glasses only increases the adjustment lag, resulting in even more inaccurate adjustment. The COMET study, led by a U.S. organization, showed that progressive multifocal glasses are ineffective in controlling myopia in most children; they are only effective in controlling myopia that is internally oblique and lagging. In fact, the majority of children with myopia do not look at the near with internal obliquity, but with external obliquity, so wearing progressive multifocals is not only ineffective in controlling myopia, but also leads to an imbalance in the regulation of the collection function, which is detrimental to the monovision of both eyes. All in all, myopia prevention and control is a long way to go, which requires not only the professional knowledge of ophthalmologists, but also the correct scientific understanding of myopia prevention and control by parents, and only through our joint efforts can we protect children’s visual health to the greatest extent.