Most of the earwax defects are caused by congenital malformations, but they can also be caused by acquired trauma, burns, infections or tumor removal. Congenital microtia is a relatively common congenital malformation. Ear deformity not only seriously affects the patient’s appearance, but also brings a great emotional burden to the patient and his or her family. The treatment of microtia currently relies on plastic surgery for repair. The auricular stent and the skin covering the stent are the two keys to outer ear reconstruction. At present, the surgical procedure that is widely recognized in clinical practice is: skin expansion method combined with autologous rib cartilage grafting method of otolaryngoplasty, which can obtain good results. The specific method of this procedure is as follows: Phase I: implantation of a skin expander along the posterior mastoid area; Phase II: removal of the skin expander, formation of an expanded skin flap and a fascial flap of subcutaneous tissue, and implantation of an ear scaffold sculpted from rib cartilage between the two flaps and beneath to meet the residual earlobe. This results in a reconstructed ear that is essentially identical in shape to the normal ear. The advantages of this method are: 1) the edge of the reconstructed ear is free of hair and is more aesthetically pleasing; 2) the skin is thin after expansion, making the fine structure of the reconstructed ear very clear; 3) the skin expander acts as a delay to the flap during expansion, thus making the blood supply to the flap more reliable and more likely to be viable. The shape of the reconstructed ear formed by this method is realistic, with an outstanding three-dimensional sense, and the success rate of the operation is higher, making it a better procedure for ear reconstruction. For a long time, outer ear reconstruction has been a difficult surgery, because of its complexity, complicated steps, high surgical skills and many complications, few plastic surgeons at home and abroad have been able to perform this surgery successfully. Professor Brent, an internationally renowned plastic surgeon, has said that external otoplasty and reconstructive surgery is a challenging procedure for most plastic surgeons. At present, the skin expansion method combined with autologous rib cartilage grafting method of otolaryngoplasty can obtain good results and has been recognized by plastic surgeons at home and abroad. Despite this, few hospitals in China are able to perform this procedure successfully.