Sweat duct tumor, also known as sweat duct cyst or sweat duct cyst adenoma, is an adenoma of the small sweat ducts within the epidermis. Sweat duct tumors are benign tumors that have no effect on human health and no cases of transformation to malignant tumors (cancer) have been found. The majority of patients with sweat duct tumors are women (and some men), and the rash often increases in women during pregnancy, premenstruation, or when using female hormones. Some patients have a family history of the disease, which is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.
Clinical manifestations: Prevalent in females, with onset in adolescence. Multiple lesions are seen on the face, especially on the eyelids, neck and forehead. In a small number of patients, the rash is eruptive and may be widespread and symmetrical on the chest, abdomen, and extremities in addition to the face. There is usually a symmetrical distribution and a few patients have a family history. Flat papules with a diameter of 1 to 5 mm and raised above the skin, resembling corn grains, are similar in color to normal skin tone, with a slightly waxy sheen, and may individually change from yellowish to dark brown. Most of them are multiple, sometimes up to hundreds. There are no uncomfortable symptoms such as itching, pain, redness or swelling, and there are usually no self-conscious symptoms, but some patients have itching or burning sensation in summer due to sweating difficulties.
Sweat duct tumors can be divided into three types.
1. Eyelid type: The most common, occurring mostly in women, appearing during or after development, by mostly in the lower eyelid.
2. Rash type: It is common in male adolescents and occurs in batches on the front of the trunk and on the flexor side of the upper arm.
3.Limited type: located in the vulva, called genital sweat duct tumor, and in the finger extensions, called extremity sweat duct tumor.
Etiology
It is believed that sweat duct tumor is a kind of nevus-like tumor of small sweat ducts in human epidermis caused by fat metabolism disorder, which is related to endocrine, pregnancy, menstruation and family genetic factors. The microscopic signs of sweat ducts are the majority of ducts buried in the fibrous stroma in the upper dermis, lined with two layers of epithelial cells and containing amorphous debris in the lumen. Some of the ducts are comma-like or tadpole-like in appearance with small cords of epithelial cells.
Differential diagnosis
1. Lid xanthoma. This is a yellow papule or plaque commonly found on the upper lid near the medial canthus and is often symmetrical in women over middle age.
2, flat warts.
3.Wart-like nevus. The lesions can occur in any part of the body for yellowish or brownish black warty papules surface hyperkeratosis rough more than a linear distribution of histopathological examination for epidermal hyperkeratosis papilloma-like hyperplasia spine layer hypertrophy basal layer melanin increased but no warts cells.
4, papillary sweat duct cystadenoma. Most often found in the scalp lesions for a single papilloma-like nodules, plaques surface oozing crust histopathological examination for epidermal papilloma-like hyperplasia of varying degrees and irregularly into the dermis to form papillary cystic cavity.
Dangers
Sweat duct tumors are more common in the female population, with the most widespread onset on the face, especially on the high and low eyelids; they can also be seen outside the chest and abdomen. In men, the pathological changes are significantly less than in gynecology, and they are often found in the lower chest, forehead, and cheeks. It has been shown to be a small sweat gland tumor that differentiates into sweat ducts and is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. The special symptoms of sweat duct tumors are as follows: there are no uncomfortable symptoms such as itching, pain, redness or swelling. However, a few to dozens of papules with a diameter of 1-5 mm, similar to corn, can be seen, with a color similar to normal skin tone and a slightly waxy sheen. Individuals may change from yellowish to dark brown.
Sweat duct tumors are a slow-onset disease, most of which last for decades or even do not subside over a lifetime. They are more common in gynecology than in men, especially in young gynecology, and are most often seen around the eyes, especially on the inner side of the lower eyelids, followed by the outer and upper cheeks, chest, forehead, and dorsum of the fingers, and are usually symmetrically scattered; a small percentage of patients with sweat duct tumors have a family history. The papules are usually scattered individually, sometimes in dense patches, but the two adjacent prominences do not fuse, and the prominences are slightly hard to the touch, with a few having a soft texture.
Special symptoms of skin invasion of sweat duct tumor.
The initial skin invasion of sweat duct tumor is a hemispherical papule of pinhead to pea size, mostly of normal color, some of them are light brown or maroon, the rashes are often densely scattered and do not fuse with each other, some of them tend to fuse, the surface is often accompanied by wax-like luster, the texture is medium, a few dozens of rashes, more than a hundred.
The rash is often uncomfortable, with occasional minor itching and mild swelling in the hot season, while appearing to be clear outside the tumor, with a slow course, ranging from a few years to decades to a lifetime.
Diagnosis
1.Clinical diagnosis
Generally, the diagnosis is made by the doctor based on the external characteristics of the disease and the patient’s oral symptoms.
2.Pathological diagnosis
A few can not be diagnosed through the appearance of features, or to prevent misdiagnosis for other diseases (such as flat warts) and affect the treatment, it is best to go to a regular large hospital for skin section surgery to confirm the diagnosis. The so-called slice surgery is to cut a small piece of skin with suspected sweat duct tumor with surgery and put it under the microscope for analysis, skin slice surgery to confirm the diagnosis with high accuracy.
3.Treatment
Sweat duct tumor is a benign tumor, usually does not deteriorate, can not be treated but from the cosmetic point of view, can be treated with local excision, medication, but the effect is generally not ideal. In addition to this, treatment with skin grinding, laser, multi-functional electronic therapy instrument can achieve better results without leaving obvious scar if the treatment depth is mastered.