How is sacral giant cell tumor treated surgically?

  Giant cell tumors (GCT) account for 5-8% of primary bone tumors. About 5% of GCTs occur in flat bones, with the pelvis being the most common. Among the vertebrae, the longest occurrence is in the sacrum, and other vertebrae are less commonly involved (1-4). GCT of the sacrum often occurs in the superior sacrum, which is more locally invasive, has complex vascular-neural anatomy, and is difficult to treat, and there is still no definite ideal solution for the treatment of GCT of the sacrum. In this paper, we discuss the local recurrence rate and complications of sacral GCT treated by excisional scraping with effective bleeding control.  Methods of temporary blockage of abdominal aortic blood flow: 1. Internal iliac artery embolization and abdominal aortic balloon retention method One day before surgery or on the day of surgery before surgery, Seldinger’s puncture method is used to puncture the femoral artery, retrograde the catheter through the femoral artery toward the proximal end, insert both sides or unilateral internal iliac artery imaging after abdominal aortogram to understand the tumor site, nature, scope and blood supply, and use gelatin sponge and The internal iliac artery (usually the side with more tumor invasion) and other target vessels that can be embolized are embolized using gelatin sponge and spring embolus as embolic material. The effect of embolization is determined by re-imaging the abdominal aorta. A balloon is placed in the renal artery 1 cm below the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta, and a blocking test is performed and the image is reviewed, so that the contrast agent does not flow distally and does not block the bilateral renal artery flow, and all cases are performed on a DSA machine.  2. Unilateral internal iliac artery ligation and temporary abdominal aortic block technique The patient was placed in the right lateral position, and a left-sided macrosomia incision was made to cut through the three layers of the abdominal muscle and push the peritoneum medially to reveal the ipsilateral common iliac vessels and internal and external iliac arteries. The internal iliac artery is separated and ligated, and the abdominal aorta is revealed by upward freeing, and temporarily blocked below the bifurcation of the renal artery with a gauze rubber tube.