Trigeminal neuralgia is a neurological disease that occurs in the distribution area of the trigeminal nerve in the face, with painful, knife-like pain symptoms that are difficult to bear. The incidence of trigeminal neuralgia is high, mostly after the age of 40, and more women than men. The pain can be severe when talking, brushing teeth or when the breeze is blowing, and it can last for several seconds or minutes. Patients with trigeminal neuralgia often do not dare to wipe their faces, eat, or even swallow saliva, which affects their normal life and work. Therefore, this pain is called the “world’s first pain”, also known as painful convulsions. In clinical practice, trigeminal neuralgia is usually divided into two types: primary and secondary. The cause of primary trigeminal neuralgia has not been identified. Trigeminal nerve Secondary trigeminal neuralgia is often secondary to local infection, trauma, narrowing of the bone foramen through which the trigeminal nerve passes, tumors, vascular malformations, and blood circulation disorders. Patients with secondary trigeminal neuralgia often have abnormalities in physical examination and other ancillary tests. The diagnosis of this disease in modern medicine is based on its pain location, nature, number of attacks, time and triggers, etc. After excluding cranial occupying lesions, the diagnosis is not difficult. In terms of pathogenesis, there are theories such as viral infection theory, focal theory, ischemia theory, cervical nerve theory, genetic theory, metabolic theory and so on. The prevalence rates are 47.8/100,000 and 62.6/100,000, respectively, with more females than males, and the incidence rate can increase with age.