Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common type of congenital malformation. The incidence of congenital heart disease accounts for about 0.6% to 1% of all live births. Each year, up to 150,000 new babies are born with CHD in China. Among them, Ventricular septal defect (VSD) and Atrial septal defect (ASD) account for 40% of them. The traditional surgical treatment for VSD and ASD is open-heart intracardiac repair, which requires cardiac arrest and extracorporeal circulation, causing great damage, complications, long operation time, long postoperative recovery, and obvious surgical scar, which is more traumatic to patients physically and mentally. Transperipheral vascular intervention has the advantages of non-stop, small trauma and fast recovery, and has become a new hot spot in interventional cardiology. Intraoperative X-ray fluoroscopy and contrast examination have outstanding advantages and have made a very important contribution to the development of interventional cardiology. However, X-ray has obvious limitations, as it is difficult to clearly show the internal structure and hemodynamic status of the cardiovascular system, and it is not monitored in real time, which affects the efficacy of interventional treatment and reduces complications, while patients and operators are also exposed to the potential risk of radiation damage, especially to sensitive organs such as the thyroid, gonads and bone marrow of children, and even increases the risk of congenital diseases in children with cancer and offspring. It also increases the risk of cancer and congenital diseases in the offspring. The main operation is to select the appropriate chest wall incision, open the chest, cut open the pericardium and suspend it, suture the pericardium in the wall of the heart cavity (atrial wall or ventricular wall), puncture and place the blocking pushing sheath through the defect, withdraw the core, place a suitable blocker to close the defect, withdraw the sheath, tighten the pericardium and close the defect. The sheath is withdrawn, the pericardium is tightened, and the small chest wall incision is sutured. Compared with traditional surgery, it has the advantages of no extracorporeal circulation, simple operation, light trauma, less pain, beautiful incision, quick recovery, and short hospital stay. Some low weight children with poor general condition have been successfully blocked by small transthoracic incisions due to the high risk of open surgery. Compared with transcatheter interventional occlusion, transthoracic small-incision occlusion is safer and more reliable because the operation is performed in the operating room under general anesthesia, the operator is a cardiac surgeon, and once the occlusion fails, the operation can be changed to conventional open surgical repair in time. This makes the procedure safer and more reliable, and therefore more widely used. The development of transthoracic small-incision occlusion cannot be developed without imaging guidance, and echocardiography, especially intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography, plays this important role, which requires a standardized and meticulous operation by experienced echocardiographers and good cooperation with surgeons, which are essential for the success of the operation. Conventional open-chest surgery, percutaneous blocker implantation and transthoracic small incision blocking have their own advantages and disadvantages. Conventional open-chest surgery should not be rejected for the sake of small scars and aesthetics, nor should blocking be rejected because of the risk of long-term complications of the blocker. Doctors need to develop an individualized treatment plan for each child based on the child’s age, weight, defect location, size, and relationship with surrounding important tissues. Of course, the physician who develops the plan should have experience in performing all three of these treatments in order to weigh the pros and cons of the patient’s condition and choose the best treatment option for the patient’s family. So with the development of technology, the treatment of atrial septal and ventricular septal defects is becoming less and less simple. Many parents report that when they take their children to the surgical clinic, the surgeons say, “Do surgery, we have been doing it for decades, and if you do a blocking procedure, in case the blocker comes off, you will have to line up again for hospitalization and get us to do surgery!” And when you see an interventional clinic, the internist says, “Do blocking, it’s less traumatic and quicker to recover, and it’s more dangerous to stop your heart for surgery!” It’s really justified by the public and the private, which makes countless parents queue up for registration and visit the clinic twice, but they are still confused and don’t know who to listen to. What is the problem? One day I heard a story with gray humor about a parent who asked the surgeon, “You say surgery is good, have you ever done a blocking procedure?” “I do surgery in my heart every day, so I don’t have time to poke a tube and do a block.” On the second visit to the interventional clinic, the parent asked the internist, “You say that blocking is good, but have you done any surgery?” “Of course not, that’s the surgeon’s job!” The parent was shocked: “That means you’ve been treating heart disease all your life and you’ve never seen what a live heart looks like!” This is the root of the problem, surgeons and internists will only do one technique of their own and not another, so when patients see the clinic, won’t the doctors only be able to say that they are good at this technique? Professor Hu Shengshou, director of the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association and president of Fu Wai Hospital, had an insightful opinion on this issue long ago, “As technology continues to advance, there will be more overlap and integration between various disciplines, and we need to train compound talents who master multidisciplinary skills and actively promote the development of compound technologies. Only after mastering multidisciplinary techniques and practicing them personally can we gain a deeper understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of various technologies, and only then can we propose improvements to technologies and devices and give reasonable treatment plans that take into account the specific conditions of patients. At Fu Wai Hospital, we have a world-class complex technology operating room, the first of its kind in Asia, where we can perform trans-peripheral vascular occlusion, conventional cardiac surgery and, more importantly, complex technology that combines surgical and catheter techniques. We also have an experienced team of surgeons who can perform all three techniques simultaneously, specialized pediatric cardiac surgery anesthesiologists, ultrasonographers who have been working with the surgeons for a long time, and highly trained interventional technologists and nurses. We offer our patients a customized and individualized treatment plan. In the face of the family’s questions, we can proudly say: “We are able to perform all three techniques, and we know very well the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques, and we can not only provide the best treatment plan, but this plan is guaranteed by a hybridized operating room, and if for special reasons the blockage is not successful, we can directly If the blocking is unsuccessful due to special reasons, it can be changed to surgical open-heart surgery, which not only allows the patient to stay in the hospital only once, enter the operating room only once, and complete the treatment with anesthesia only once, but also does not charge for the blocking device used after the blocking fails, so that the patient can really enjoy the best treatment in the top hospitals of the country with only one payment and one stay. This is the new dawn of the treatment of atrial septal and ventricular septal defects by cardiac surgeons who can simultaneously perform surgery, percutaneous interventional blocking, and composite technology, which will further influence all aspects of cardiovascular disease treatment.